气象灾害下民航机场韧性指数研究  

Study on resilience index of civil aviation airports under meteorological disasters

作　　者：齐麟[1] 怀永成 戴克娟 陈小林 黄信 QI Lin;HUAI Yongcheng;DAI Kejuan;CHEN Xiaolin;HUANG Xin(School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学交通科学与工程学院,天津300300

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2024年第6期20-28,共9页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2600500)。

摘　　要：为探究气象灾害下不同机场的韧性表现与引起韧性差异的原因,首先,提出基于机场功能水平的机场韧性定义,涵盖抵抗性、鲁棒性、恢复性3个子特性;然后,通过航班数据计算气象灾害下机场功能水平,得出机场韧性及子特性指数,从而反映机场的韧性水平;最后,以暴风雪灾害为例,分析美国受影响机场的韧性指数分布特征及不同机场韧性指数差异的原因,进一步分析冬季风暴、洪水、热带风暴、龙卷风灾害下受影响机场韧性指数特点以及灾害类型对机场韧性指数的影响。研究结果表明:机场韧性指数的差异主要由抵抗性指数引起;暴风雪灾害下引起机场韧性指数差异的关键因素为吞吐量、飞机机身维修计划等级、发动机维护水平;机场在冬季风暴、洪水与在暴风雪灾害下的韧性指数基本一致,韧性指数相对差值最低分别为7.519%、5.521%,平均相对差值为23.021%、21.037%,机场韧性指数计算方法可较准确地反映机场韧性属性。To study the performance of different airports'resilience under meteorological disasters and the causes of their differences,firstly,the definition of airport resilience based on airport functional level was put forward,which covered three sub characteristics:resistance,robustness and recovery.Then,by calculating the airport functional level under meteorological disasters through flight data,airport resilience index and sub characteristic indices were obtained to reflect the airport's resilience.Finally,taking the disaster of the snowstorm as an example,the distribution pattern of resilience index of affected airports in the United States and the reasons for the differences of resilience index among different airports were analyzed.Furthermore,the performance of the resilience index of the affected airports under the disaster of winter storms,floods,tropical storms and tornadoes was analyzed.The impact of disaster types on airport resilience index was also analyzed.The results indicate that the difference of airport resilience index is mainly caused by the resistance index.The key factors that cause the difference in airport resilience index under snowstorm disaster are throughput,aircraft fuselage maintenance plan level and engine maintenance level.The resilience index of the airport under winter storm,flood and snowstorm is basically the same.The lowest relative difference of the resilience index is 7.519%and 5.521%,while the average relative difference is 23.021%and 21.037%.The calculation method of airport resilience index proposed in this paper can accurately reflect the resilience properties of airports.

关 键 词：气象灾害 机场韧性指数 暴风雪 功能水平 影响因素 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]