间充质干细胞来源外泌体在脑缺血再灌注损伤中神经保护作用的研究进展  

Research progress of neuroprotective effect of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells on cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury

作　　者：韩硕 王君玉[1] 卢成寅 侯立军[1] HAN Shuo;WANG Jun-yu;LU Cheng-yin;HOU Li-jun(Department of Neurosurgery,Shanghai Changzheng Hoapital,Shanghai 200003,China)

机构地区：[1]上海长征医院神经外科,上海200003

出　　处：《中国临床神经外科杂志》2024年第3期177-180,共4页Chinese Journal of Clinical Neurosurgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81671206);上海市科委国际科技合作项目(09410705100,14430721300);军队"十二五"重点课题(BWS12J025)。

摘　　要：脑卒中是导致我国成年人残疾、死亡的首位原因,其中80%以上的脑卒中为缺血性脑卒中。缺血再灌注损伤是导致缺血性脑卒中病人残疾、死亡的常见原因。目前,针对缺血再灌注损伤的临床药物主要包括自由基清除剂、钙离子拮抗剂和兴奋性氨基酸拮抗剂等,疗效不理想。近年来,越来越多的研究者开始尝试应用干细胞治疗,但动物实验发现移植的干细胞在脑内存活率较低,很少有干细胞能分化为神经元。令人意外的是,研究发现干细胞可以通过旁分泌外泌体发挥神经保护作用。但天然外泌体靶向能力差,目前已经研发的工程性外泌体针对神经细胞具有主动靶向能力。本文对间充质干细胞来源外泌体在脑缺血再灌注损伤中的神经作用研究进展作一综述。Stroke is the leading cause of disability and death among adults in China,with more than 80%of strokes being ischemic strokes.Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is a common cause of disability and death in patients with ischemic strokes.Currently,the clinical drugs targeting cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury mainly include free radical scavengers,calcium ion antagonists,and excitatory amino acid antagonists,with unsatisfactory effects.In recent years,more and more researchers have begun to try using stem cells for treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,but animal experiments have found that the survival rate of transplanted stem cells in the brain is low,and very few stem cells can differentiate into neurons.Surprisingly,studies have found that stem cells can exert neuroprotective effect through paracrine exosomes.However,natural exosomes have poor targeting ability,and engineered exosomes with active targeting ability to neural cells have been developed.This review summarizes the progress in the neuroprotective effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

关 键 词：缺血性脑卒中 缺血再灌注损伤 间充质干细胞 外泌体 

分 类 号：R743[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]