梵藏佛典翻译中的前缀——以《语合二卷》为例  

The Prefixes in Sanskrit-Tibetan Buddhist Translation——A Case Study of Sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa

作　　者：李晓楠 Li Xiaonan(Doctoral Student,Department of South Asia Studies,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院南亚学系

出　　处：《藏学学刊》2021年第2期120-137,461,共19页Journal of Tibetology

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重大项目“吐蕃时期敦煌文献的整理与研究”(20&ZD210)之子课题“吐蕃时期敦煌梵文文献整理与研究”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：历史上,梵藏佛典翻译工作的推进对藏地佛教的流传及藏文的发展都至关重要。《语合二卷》是吐蕃最早的梵藏词汇翻译手册,对吐蕃时期梵藏翻译理论与翻译实践进行了综合阐述。书中前言部分为翻译规定,其中有一条涉及到了藏语中比较少见的语法概念“前缀”。本文将从此规定出发,结合《语合二卷》中出现的17个前缀及古代梵语学家对前缀的语法论述,集中分析吐蕃翻译家对前缀的处理方法及对佛教核心术语的理解和阐释。他们的处理方法,对当代佛典翻译实践和理论发展仍具有非凡的价值和意义。Historically, the advancement of the translation of Sanskrit and Tibetan Buddhist scriptures has beencrucial to the spread of Tibetan Buddhism and the development of the Tibetan language. The Sgra sbyorbam po gnyis pa is the earliest translation manual;it includes a Sanskrit-Tibetan vocabulary of the Tuboperiod, and it comprehensively expounds on the theory and practice of translating Sanskrit into Tibetan.The preface of the book provides guidelines for translation, one of which involves the relatively raregrammatical concept of "prefix" in Tibetan. This article will start from this rule, combine the seventeenprefixes that appear in the Sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa with the grammatical discussion of the prefixesby earlier Sanskrit scholars, and focus on the analysis of the Tibetan translators’ treatment of prefixesand their understanding of the core terms of Buddhism and their interpretation. Their approach still hasextraordinary value and significance for contemporary Buddhist translation practices and their theoreticaldevelopment.

关 键 词：语法概念 佛典翻译 词汇翻译 梵藏翻译 吐蕃时期 语合 藏语 核心术语 

分 类 号：H31[语言文字—英语]