论格鲁派在古格地区的发展及弘传  

On the Development and Spread of the Gelugpa School in the Guge Area

作　　者：黄博[1] Huang Bo(Center for Tibetan Studies of Sichuan University)

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国藏学研究所

出　　处：《藏学学刊》2021年第2期318-334,465,共18页Journal of Tibetology

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“清代西藏阿里地区政治地理研究”(19FZSB061)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：15世纪初格鲁派在卫藏地区形成后很快就传入了古格境内,一方面古格的寺院大多改宗了格鲁派;另一方面,格鲁派在古格王室贵族的支持下也兴建了不少新的寺院,逐渐形成了格鲁派在古格境内的寺院体系。格鲁派本身有着发达的寺院教育,格鲁派传入古格后,建立起了古格的僧人到卫藏主寺学经的制度,并且在卫藏主寺中开办专为阿里地区僧人学经的扎仓,为古格培养了大量的佛教人才。同时,古格王室与格鲁派上层之间有着密切而良好的关系,古格王多次试图迎请达赖喇嘛与班禅大师来传法,古格王也曾去卫藏地区拜见达赖喇嘛,其高潮就是古格末年迎请四世班禅大师到访古格。古格与格鲁派长达两百多年的政教关系,早已在深层结构上让卫藏和阿里形成了不可分割的联系。In the early 15^(th)century,after the Gelugpa school was established in the U-Tsang region,it quickly spread to the territory of the ancient Guge Kingdom.On one hand,many of the monasteries in Guge converted to the Gelugpa school and on the other hand,with the support of the Guge royal aristocracies,the Gelugpa school also constructed numerous new monasteries,gradually forming a monastic system for the Gelugpa tradition within the Guge Kingdom.The Gelugpa tradition itself had a well-developed monastic education system.After its introduction into the Guge Kingdom,it established a system for Guge's monks to study at the main monasteries in U-Tsang.Additionally,specialized colleges called"grwa tshang"were established within the main monasteries of U-Tsang to provide education for monks from the Ngari region,contributing to the cultivation of Buddhist talents in Guge.Simultaneously,there existed a close and positive relationship between the Guge royal family and the upper echelons of the Gelugpa school.The Guge kings made multiple attempts to invite the Dalai Lama and Pan chen Lamas to Ngari.The peak of this relationship was when the fourth Panchen Lama(1567-1662)visited Guge during its final years.The political and religious relations for more than two centuries between Guge and the Gelugpa school established an inseparable connection of U-Tsang and Ngari.

关 键 词：格鲁派 政教关系 班禅大师 弘传 卫藏 达赖喇嘛 寺院教育 古格 

分 类 号：B94[哲学宗教—宗教学]