数字经济背景下虚增信用行为刑法应对的反思  

The Reflection on the Criminal Law Response to Acts of Falsely Increasing Credit in the Context of the Digital Economy

作　　者：左袖阳[1] ZUO Xiuyang

机构地区：[1]北京市社会科学院,北京100101

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第8期45-63,共19页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：数字经济的虚拟性、无界性特点,造成交易参与者之间天然存在信任危机。信用评价体系作为危机解决方案之一,成为维系卖方、买方和平台之间信任关系的重要渠道。出于惩罚虚增信用的考虑,存在司法入罪论、立法入罪论两种对立的应对主张。但司法入罪论在违法构成和法益定位上不符合虚增信用行为;立法入罪论虽然在侵害本体结论上正确,但没有考虑到信用评价业务法益的自我保护能力和信用评价体系内在缺陷的救济容忍问题。考虑到互联网时代刑法控制论的变革和刑法的补充性原则,以刑法手段治理虚增信用不仅可能因无法化解遵守禁令与生存的矛盾而无功,而且可能会对社会子系统自我治理的积极性形成遏制。因此应特别慎重考虑虚增信用行为的刑法应对,将重心置于非刑事法律手段的完善。Due to the virtual and unbounded nature of the digital economy,there naturally exists a natural trust crisis among transaction participants.As one of solutions to such crisis,the credit evaluation system has become an important channel to maintain the trust relationship among sellers,buyers and platforms.For the purpose of punishing the false credit increase,there are two opposite propositions:the view of seeking conviction through judicial practice and the view of seeking criminalization through legislation.However,the view of seeking conviction through judicial practice is not suitable for acts of falsely increasing credit in terms of the constituents of illegality and positioning of legal interests;although the view of seeking criminalization through legislation is correct in the ontological conclusion concerning infringement,it does not take into account the ability of self-protection of legal interests of credit evaluation business and the issue of remedies and tolerance due to the inherent defects of the credit evaluation system.Considering the development of the vi ew of control through criminal law in the age of Internet and the principle of supplementary nature of criminal law,using criminal law to govern acts of falsely increasing credit may not only be ineffective due to inability to resolve the contradiction between compliance with injunction and survival,but also curb the enthusiasm of self-governance of social subsystems.It is necessary to take a especially prudent attitude towards the criminal response to acts of falsely increasing credit and focus on the improvement of non-criminal legal means.The issue of criminal law response to falsely increasing credit should be treated with special caution and the focus shall be placed on improving the non-criminal legal means.

关 键 词：数字经济 虚增信用 刑法应对 反思 

分 类 号：DF623[政治法律—刑法学]