近海环境中多氟/全氟烷基化合物赋存研究与展望  

Research prospect and occurrence of per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances in coastal environments

作　　者：王紫檀 张爽 王德高[1] 王震[2] WANG Zitan;ZHANG Shuang;WANG Degao;WANG Zhen(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem,National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁大连116026 [2]国家环境保护近岸海域生态环境重点实验室,国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2024年第4期489-502,共14页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42006195,21477028);中德海洋与极地领域合作重大项目。

摘　　要：多氟/全氟烷基化合物(per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs)是一类典型新污染物,在海洋环境中广泛存在,其持久性、长距离迁移性和生物毒性等特性引起了环境管理者的高度关注,对其环境赋存与环境行为的研究是当前环境科学领域热点之一。本文基于文献报道数据对比分析了我国和日本、韩国、欧美等近海海水、沉积物和生物体中PFASs的浓度、组成特征,在国际和国内视野下分析了海洋环境中PFASs的空间分布与组成特征变化概况,探讨了近海PFASs的主要来源,并对近海环境中PFASs有关研究方向进行了展望。数据表明,我国渤海和黄海海水中PFASs浓度与日本和韩国近海相当,东海和南海浓度与欧美近海接近,并显著低于日本和韩国。欧美近海沉积物中PFASs含量与我国渤海相当,高于黄、东、南海。在组成特征上,我国和日本、韩国近海海水中全氟辛酸占比较高,欧美近海海水中则以全氟辛基磺酸为主;我国和日本、韩国近海沉积物中以全氟辛酸为主,欧美以全氟辛基磺酸和短链PFASs为主;我国海洋生物体中以全氟辛酸和全氟辛基磺酸为主,而欧美近海海洋生物体中则以全氟辛基磺酸和其他长链组分为主。Per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are one of typical emerging pollutants,which exist widely in coastal environments.Because their environmental persistence,long-distance transportation potential and toxicity,environmental occurrence and behaviors of PFASs is one of focus in the fields of environmental science research,and has attracted the attention of environmental managers.Based on the data reported in the literature,the levels and composition profiles of PFASs in seawater,marine sediments and marine organisms in China,Europe,America,Japan and South Korea were compared and discussed.The spatial distribution and characteristics of PFASs in coastal environments were summarized from the international and domestic perspectives,and the primary sources of PFASs into the sea were discussed.The future research priorities of PFASs in coastal environments were prospected.The results showed that the concentrations of PFASs in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea were consistent to those in the seawater of Japan and South Korea.The levels in the East Sea and South China Sea were close to those in Europe and the United States,and were lower than those in Japan and South Korea.The concentrations of PFASs in sediments of Europe and America were similar to those in the Bohai Sea,but higher than those in the Yellow Sea,East Sea and South China Sea.In terms of composition profiles,perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)was relatively high in seawater of China,Japan and South Korea,and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)was main component in seawaters of Europe and America.The components in sediments in China,Japan and South Korea were dominated by PFOA and PFOS,while those in Europe and America were PFOS and short-chain PFASs.PFOA and PFOS were dominant in Chinese marine organisms,while PFOS and other long-chain components were dominant in European and American marine organisms.

关 键 词：多氟/全氟烷基化合物(PFASs) 全氟辛酸(PFOA) 全氟辛基磺酸(PFOS) 新污染物 海洋环境 

分 类 号：X13[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X55