儿童原发性心脏肿瘤的影像特征  

Imaging characteristics of primary cardiac tumors in children

作　　者：岳亚丽 陈莲 沈全力 胡喜红 姚琼 YUE Ya-li;CHEN Lian;SHEN Quan-li;HU Xi-hong;YAO Qiong(Department of Radiology,Children’s Hospital,Fudan University/National Children’s Medical Center,Shanghai 201102,China)

机构地区：[1]国家儿童医学中心/复旦大学附属儿科医院放射科,上海201102

出　　处：《复旦学报（医学版）》2024年第4期536-542,共7页Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences

摘　　要：目的探讨儿童原发性心脏肿瘤的超声心动图、CT和MR影像特征,并分析每种检查的诊断价值及临床检查策略。方法收集2008年6月至2022年2月在复旦大学附属儿科医院经手术病理证实的原发性心脏肿瘤患儿的临床、病理及影像资料,在MR图像上对肿瘤大小、位置、运动、不同序列上的信号特征、心包是否受累进行评估分析。结果共纳入23例患儿(男性16例、女性7例),发病年龄1个月至13岁,平均(54.45±58.57)个月,其中横纹肌瘤发病年龄最小,平均(7.23±6.30)个月。临床表现:6例心脏杂音、3例心功能不全、3例癫痫、2例脑梗、1例心律不齐。病理结果:22例良性肿瘤(纤维瘤9例、黏液瘤8例、横纹肌瘤4例、脂肪瘤1例),1例恶性肿瘤(横纹肌肉瘤)。超声心动图对黏液瘤的诊断准确率高。CT显示1例恶性横纹肌肉瘤侵犯心包,肺动脉及气管受压。MR可见纤维瘤延迟增强明显强化;横纹肌瘤T1WI等信号,T2WI、灌注及延迟增强信号轻度增高;黏液瘤T2WI高信号,延迟增强可见强化,在电影成像中运动度大;脂肪瘤各个序列信号与脂肪一致,无灌注及延迟增强高信号。结论儿童各类型原发性心脏肿瘤各有影像特征,MR对心脏肿瘤的鉴别诊断具有较大优势,临床检查时需要结合实际情况选择合适的影像检查方法。Objective To explore the imaging features of primary cardiac tumors detected by echocardiography,CT and MR in children,and to analyze the value of each examination and the clinical examination strategies.Methods The clinical,pathological and imaging data of the children with primary cardiac tumors confirmed by surgery and pathology from Jun 2008 to Feb 2022 in Children’s Hospital,Fudan University were analyzed retrospectively.Tumor size,location,motion,signal characteristics on different sequences,and pericardial involvement were evaluated on MR images.Results A total of 23 children(16 males and 7 females)were included.The age of onset ranged from 1 month to 13 years old,average on(54.45±58.57)months.While the onset age of rhabdomyomas was only(7.23±6.30)months.The clinical manifestations mainly included 6 cases of cardiac murmur,3 cases of cardiac insufficiency,3 cases of epilepsy,2 cases of cerebral infarction,and 1 case of arrhythmia.Pathological results showed that there were 22 cases of benign tumors(9 cases of fibromas,8 cases of myxomas,4 cases of rhabdomyomas and 1 case of lipoma)and 1 case of malignant tumor(rhabdomyosarcoma).Echocardiography has a high diagnostic accuracy for myxoma.CT showed a case of malignant rhabdomyosarcoma with invasion of the pericardium and compression of the pulmonary artery and bronchus.MR showed that the fibroma had significantly late gadolinium enhancement.The signal of rhabdomyoma was equal on T1WI,and slightly increased on T2WI,perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement sequences.Myxoma had high signal on T2WI and late gadolinium enhancement.It had obvious motions in Cine sequence.The signal of lipoma on each sequence was consistent with that of fat tissue,and there was no high signal of perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement.Conclusion All types of primary cardiac tumors in children have imaging characteristics.MR has great advantages in diagnosing cardiac tumors.The clinical team needs to select the appropriate examination method according to the actual medical sit

关 键 词：儿童 心脏肿瘤 MR CT 超声心动图 

分 类 号：R732.1[医药卫生—肿瘤] R725.4[医药卫生—临床医学]