倾向性评分加权方法简介及其在医学研究领域中的应用  

Introduction and application of propensity score weighting method in medical research

作　　者：黄晨 余勇夫 秦国友 HUANG Chen;YU Yong-fu;QIN Guo-you(Department of Biostatistics,School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院生物统计学教研室,上海200032

出　　处：《复旦学报（医学版）》2024年第4期638-642,共5页Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82173612);上海市市级科技重大专项(ZD2021CY001)。

摘　　要：倾向性评分加权方法是观察性研究中调整混杂进行因果推断的一类重要方法。本文介绍了多种倾向性评分加权方法及其关键特征,以帮助研究人员选择最适合的分析方法。同时,通过实例数据分析展示了倾向性评分加权方法在医学和公共卫生领域的应用,为相关研究提供方法学参考。实例基于996名接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者的数据,通过不同的倾向性评分加权方法探索经皮冠状动脉介入联合阿昔单抗治疗对患者术后6个月内存活率的效应。结果发现不同的倾向性评分加权方法得到针对不同推断目标的处理效应估计,提示在实践中应根据实际推断目标选择相应的倾向性评分加权方法。倾向性评分加权方法能够促进处理组和对照组间协变量分布的平衡性,是观察性研究中调整混杂因素的有力工具,在医学和公共卫生研究中具有很好的应用和推广价值。Propensity score weighting methods are crucial tools for adjusting confounding and conducting causal inference in observational studies.This paper introduces various propensity score weighting methods,and details the key features of each to aid researchers in selecting the most suitable method for their analyses.Additionally,the application of these methods in the fields of medicine and public health is demonstrated through an example data analysis.The example is based on data from 996 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Different propensity score weighting methods are used to explore the effect of PCI combined with abciximab on six-month post-operative survival rates.The results indicate that different propensity score weighting methods provide treatment effect estimates tailored to different inference goals,highlighting the importance of selecting the appropriate method based on the specific inference objective.Propensity score weighting methods enhance the balance of covariate distribution between treatment and control groups,making them powerful tools for adjusting confounding factors in observational studies.Their applicability and value in medical and public health research are significant.

关 键 词：倾向性评分 加权 经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 死亡率 

分 类 号：R311[医药卫生—基础医学]