伦理协调中的赏罚机理  

The Mechanism of Rewards and Punishment in Ethical Coordination

作　　者：李建华 Li Jianhua(School of Philosophy,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期15-25,共11页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金年度项目“中国特色城市化进程中的色彩伦理建构及应用研究”(23BZX092)。

摘　　要：伦理学作为利益均衡之学,总是需要借助于一定的赏罚手段才能实现其目标。唯其如此,才能避免社会的“伦理松懈”。社会赏罚从功能上讲,意味着社会用种种现实利益作为对个人或群体行为的奖惩,是借用经济、政治、法律、行政甚至宗教等多种手段,以利害为中介来促使主体(个体或群体)选择社会所期待或接受的行为,以实现最有效、最直接地影响个人道德面貌和社会伦理状况之目的。通过赏罚实现伦理协调的可能性在于人性的潜在因素:人总是趋利避害的、人的权利和义务总是对等的、人总是喜欢褒奖而惧怕惩罚等。与此同时,如果赏罚的度把握不好,容易产生道德“绑架”效应,同样也会导致伦理生活秩序的混乱。所以,当伦理赏罚成为伦理协调的必然手段时,我们需要考虑其适应范围或空间问题,注重伦理生活中“失当”“正当”“应当”三种状态的存在,分别给予不同处理。As the study of the balance of interest,ethics always needs some means of rewards and punishment to attain its goal.Only in this way,can we avoid“ethical slackness”in our society.Functionally speaking,social rewards and punishment mean that society uses all kinds of realistic interests as rewards and punishment for the behavior of individuals or groups.By economic,political,legal,administrative and even religious means,we take interests as an intermediary to promote the subjects(individuals or groups)to choose the behaviors expected or accepted by society,so as to achieve the purpose of most effectively and directly influencing an individual’s moral appearance and social ethical conditions.The possibility of balancing ethical coordination through the mechanism of rewards and punishment lies in the following potential factors of human nature:Humans always tend to pursue gain and avoid harm,human rights and obligations are always reciprocal,and humans are always fond of being praised and afraid of being punished.At the same time,the failure to properly control the degree of rewards and punishment is prone to cause the effect of imposing one’s morality on someone else,which may also lead to disorder and chaos in ethical life.Therefore,when ethical rewards and punishment become the necessary means of ethical coordination,we need to consider the scope or space of its adaptation.And we should pay attention to the three states of ethical life,namely,“inappropriate”,“appropriate”and“obligated”,and treat them respectively.

关 键 词：伦理协调 社会赏罚 道德绑架 伦理“第三空间” 

分 类 号：B82-051[哲学宗教—伦理学]