系统论视野中的“数字人权”——概念界定、社会功能与宪法基础  

"Digital Human Rights"from the Perspective of System Theory-Concept Definition,Social Function,and Constitutional Basis

作　　者：翁壮壮 Weng Zhuangzhuang

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院 [2]中国法与社会研究院

出　　处：《人权》2024年第4期69-95,共27页Human Rights

基　　金：“系统论视野下的数字法治基本问题研究”(项目批准号:22AZD149)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“数字人权”争论的三大核心议题是“数字人权”是否可能、是否必要以及是否可行。争论双方专注于从语义学层面发掘“数字人权”对人的价值,却忽视了社会结构层面“数字人权”对全社会及其诸子系统的重要意义。通过引入卢曼系统论可消除此观察盲点,基本权利致力于直接塑造的,并非作为社会环境的生理—心理性的“个人”,而是可被社会系统涵括的社会性的“人格体”。明确数字人权是作为“人格体”的“人”的数字沟通参与权,因而其在概念界定上可能。数字人权能够帮助“人”降低数字沟通参与门槛、限制社会系统过度扩张、促进身心自由完整表达,因而其在社会功能上必要。现有两种数字人权“入宪”思路存在局限,立足系统论法学的新建构思路,可将作为数字沟通参与权的数字人权类型化为政治、经济、科学、艺术等社会子领域的数字沟通参与权,建构出完备的数字人权体系,因而其在宪法基础上可行。The three core issues in the“digital human rights”debate are whether“digital human rights”are possible,necessary,and feasible.Both sides of the debate focus on discovering the value of“digital human rights”to individuals from a semantic level,but ignore the significance of“digital human rights”to the whole society and its subsystems at the level of social structure.By introducing Luhmann's system theory,this observation blind spot can be eliminated.Fundamental rights are devoted to directly shaping not a physiological-psychological“individual”as a social environment but a social"person"that can be included by social systems.It is clear that digital human rights are the right to participate in digital communication of a“human”as a“person”,so they are possible in terms of conceptual definition.Digital human rights can help“people”lower the threshold for participation in digital communication,limit the excessive expansion of social systems,and promote the free and complete expression of body and mind,so they are necessary for social functions.There are limitations in the existing two ideas of“incorporating digital human rights into the constitution”.Based on the new construction idea of system theory of law,digital human rights as the right to participate in digital communication can be typified into digital communication in social sub-fields such as politics,economy,science,and art.The right to participate constructs a complete digital human rights system,making it feasible on the basis of the constitution.

关 键 词：系统论 人 数字人权 社会沟通 数字沟通 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D912.7[政治法律—法学]