大规模职业能力测评背景问卷的研制与检验  

The Design and Validation of Context Questionnaires for Large-Scale Professional Competence Assessment

作　　者：高帆 赵志群[2] GAO Fan;ZHAO Zhiqun(Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China;Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江科技大学,杭州310023 [2]北京师范大学,北京100875

出　　处：《中国考试》2024年第8期60-68,共9页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：2023年度浙江省教育科学规划一般课题“应用型创新人才培养的经典模式及机制研究——基于美国、德国和中国的比较分析”(2023SCG333)。

摘　　要：大规模测评为循证导向的教育研究、实践和决策提供了数据基础。能力测评与问卷调查是大规模测评采集数据的主要方法。参考背景问卷研发的国际经验,本研究构建了我国职业院校学生职业能力发展影响因素的理论模型,整合了环境、活动、个人三个层次和学校、校企、企业三种类型的因素,提出由学生背景、活动特征、组织环境三部分构成的问卷框架。在此基础上设计了包括职业动机、实习实训支持等十二个量表的综合问卷。预测试和大规模测评的数据分析显示,问卷信度和效度良好。调查问卷可用于诊断技术技能人才培养过程中存在的问题和整体把握职业教育体系的状况与特征。International large-scale assessments(ILSA)offer a foundation for evidence-based research,practice and decision-making in education.Competence assessment and context questionnaires are the primary methods for data collection in ILSA.Drawing upon international expertise in developing context questionnaires,this study constructs a theoretical model of factors influencing the professional competence development of vocational college students in China,investigating elements from environmental,activity,and individual levels,as well as school,school-enterprise,and enterprise.A questionnaire framework comprising student backgrounds,activity characteristics,and organizational environment was proposed.Based on this framework,a comprehensive questionnaire was designed with twelve scales,such as professional motivation and internship support.The pilot test results and large-scale assessments demonstrate that the questionnaire has strong reliability and validity.Data analysis shows that the questionnaire can diagnose specific issues in cultivating technical and skilled talent and provide a comprehensive understanding of the status and characteristics of the vocational education system.Given that professional competence assessments target a highly heterogeneous student population and stakeholders with diverse demands,we suggest that a systematic and structured questionnaire framework be established to clarify the main content and key dimensions,enabling stable variables to be formed,facilitating accurate statistical analysis.

关 键 词：大规模测评 背景问卷 学习背景 职业动机 职业能力 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]