证据能力词源考  

The etymology of competency of evidence

作　　者：邵奇聪 Shao Qicong(Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main,Frankfurt am Main,60486)

机构地区：[1]德国法兰克福大学法学院,法兰克福60486

出　　处：《证据科学》2024年第3期309-328,共20页Evidence Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“辅助证据的证据规则研究”(19CFX044)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：证据能力(Beweisf?higkeit)概念为日本所创。德国法学中“Beweisf?higkeit”不表示证据能力,德国也没有表示证据能力的概念。史料显示,日本在1888年和1902年先后将德国表示证明力的“Beweiskraft”和指代文书客观证明效力的“Beweisf?higkeit”译为证据能力,还混淆了两者的源词,导致谬种流传。证据能力概念在1910年进入日本刑事诉讼法学教科书,在1920年前后的人权运动中被普及并取得证据资格的含义,在1930年代初得到系统论述,在1950年代被平野龙一从英美法的角度重述和丰富了内涵,此后延续至今。未来我国宜逐步淡化证据能力概念,改用可采性概念,继续在证据属性的范畴中精耕细作。The concept of"competencyof evidence"(Beweisfahigkeit/Zulassigkeit/证据能力/证拠能力/■)is uniquely developed by Japan.In Germany,"Beweisfahigkeit"does not equate to competency of evidence,and there isn't a corresponding concept in German law.Historical documents indicate that the German term"Beweiskraft",which refers to the strength of proof or probative value,and "Beweisfahigkeit",which denotes the document's objective validity,were incorrectly translated by Japan as competency of evidence,respectively in 1888 and 1902.This mix-up of the two terms led to the spread of misconceptions.The concept of competency of evidence"was first introduced into Japanese criminal procedural law textbooks in 1910.This concept became widely known during the human rights movements in the 1920s when it incorporated the meaning of evidence qualification.The concept was systematically discussed in the early 1930s and further elaborated and enriched by Ryuichi Hirano in the 1950s from the perspective of Anglo-American law.Such use has continued till today.In the furture,it would be advisable for our country to gradually diminish the use of the concept of competency of evidence.We'd better adopt the concept of admissibility,and continue refining the study within the realm of evidence qualities.

关 键 词：证据能力 证明力 可采性 证据属性 证据资格 

分 类 号：D915.13[政治法律—诉讼法学]