2021年6月东北冷涡暴雨降水物理过程观测与模拟研究  

Observational Analysis and Numerical Simulations of the Physical Precipitation Processes in the Northeast Cold Vortex Rainstorm in June 2021

作　　者：李玥瑶 崔晓鹏[2,3,4,5] 李国平 陈力强[3] LI Yueyao;CUI Xiaopeng;LI Guoping;CHEN Liqiang(School of Atmospheric Sciences,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225;Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029;Institute of Atmospheric Environment of China Meteorological Administration,Shenyang 110166;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD),Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,成都610225 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所云降水物理与强风暴重点实验室,北京100029 [3]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,沈阳110166 [4]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [5]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《大气科学》2024年第4期1640-1656,共17页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所基本科研业务费重点项目2020SYIAEZD4。

摘　　要：本文针对2021年6月2~3日发生在辽宁和吉林两省的东北冷涡暴雨过程,利用多源观测和再分析数据,首先开展综合观测分析,进而利用WRF模式对此次暴雨过程的主降水时段开展高分辨率数值模拟,并结合三维降水诊断方程,开展宏、微观物理过程和暴雨形成机理模拟诊断研究。结果表明,此次暴雨过程降水范围广、局地雨强大、对流性突出;暴雨过程期间,东亚大气环流相对稳定,东北冷涡缓慢东移,携带冷空气南下,与偏南暖湿气流汇合,触发涡旋云系发展;两省位于高空急流核出口区左前方和偏南低空急流前侧,低层辐合—高层辐散的动力结构有助于强降水系统发展。伴随水汽辐合加强,云物理过程旺盛发展,水凝物含量显著升高,其中霰粒子通过融化成雨滴等云物理过程,对强降水起到重要贡献。云滴通过水汽凝结过程迅速增长,但同时由于云微物理转化过程而被大量消耗,用于云系发展和降水发生。降水强度受水汽收支和云收支过程共同影响,强降水前期,伴随强盛水汽输送与辐合,区域上空水汽含量显著增加,降水系统发展;强降水后期,伴随冷涡云系逐步东移,区域内辐合减弱,局地大气内水汽明显消耗,以继续支撑较强降水。伴随水汽局地辐合,水凝物旺盛发展(尤其是冰相水凝物)。过程初期,液相水凝物动力辐合与微物理转化过程共同支撑降水云系快速发展;降水峰值时段,上述两过程仍然活跃,但由于强降水显著消耗,水凝物含量局地变化不明显。整个暴雨过程期间,液相水凝物持续辐合,而冰相水凝物于初期短暂辐合之后,逐渐减弱为弱辐散,这一演变特征与局地热、动力结构及其演变有关。The Northeast Cold Vortex(NECV)rainstorm that occurred in Liaoning and Jilin provinces during June 2–3,2021,was explored using multisource observation and reanalysis data and high-resolution numerical simulations of the main precipitation period produced by the Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF),combined with threedimensional precipitation diagnostic equations,to perform a comprehensive study on the macro-and microphysical processes and the rainfall mechanism.It was revealed that the precipitation was widespread,with strong local rainfall and prominent convection.During the rainstorm,the East Asian atmospheric circulation was relatively stable,and the NECV moved slowly eastward,carrying cold air southward and converging with southerly warm-wet airflow,consequently developing a vortex cloud system.Liaoning and Jilin were located to the left outlet of the high-level jet and to the front of the low-level jet,and the dynamical structure of high-level dispersion and low-level convergence contributed to precipitation development.The intensification of vapor convergence was accompanied by vigorous development of cloud physical processes and a significant increase in water species,with graupel mainly contributing to precipitation through cloud physical processes such as melting into raindrops.Cloud droplets grew rapidly via vapor condensation and were consumed largely during cloud microphysical transformations for cloud system development and precipitation.Precipitation intensity was affected by both vapor and cloud budgets.In the early precipitation stage,along with a significant increase in vapor transport and convergence,the local vapor content increased,and precipitation systems developed.Then,the local convergence weakened as the cold vortex cloud system gradually moved eastward,and the local vapor depletion continued to support heavy precipitation.Exuberant development of water species(especially the ice phase)accompanied local vapor convergence.In the early stage,the rapid development of precipitation c

关 键 词：东北冷涡暴雨 降水物理过程 观测分析 数值模拟 

分 类 号：P445[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]