吉林省黄泥河林区东北马鹿野外放归成效评估  

Effectiveness assessment on red deer introduction in the Huangnihe of Jilin Province

作　　者：田新民[1] 宋雅祺 赵雨桐 靳勇超 TIAN Xinmin;SONG Yaqi;ZHAO Yutong;JIN Yongchao(College of Life Science and Technology,Mudanjiang Normal University,Mudanjiang 157011,China;College of Forestry and Grassland Science,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]牡丹江师范学院生命科学与技术学院,牡丹江157011 [2]吉林农业大学林学与草学学院,长春130118

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第14期6383-6390,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2022C101);深圳市一个地球自然基金会项目(2021H002);牡丹江师范学院科研项目(MNUGP202302)。

摘　　要：野外放归是维系濒危物种野生种群长期续存的重要途径,对放归成效的监测研究有利于濒危动物种群科学有效的管理。采用非损伤性标志重捕法评估了吉林省张广才岭南部黄泥河林区东北马鹿的种群数量与分布;利用粪便DNA信息,从亲权鉴定和遗传多样性方面对其放归成效进行了评估。结果显示:(1)黄泥河林区马鹿种群数量平均90(68—124)只,密度0.045(0.034—0.063)只/km^(2),主要分布于林区北部,呈现一定程度的地理隔离;(2)性别鉴定显示,野生种群的雌雄性比1.71∶1,放归后雌雄性比1.83∶1,放归提高了种群的可繁殖概率;(3)亲权鉴定检测到,放归个体(R3)与野生个体在野外成功繁殖,并产下子代;(4)野外放归向野生种群引入了平均2.9个“新”的等位基因,提高了其遗传多样性水平。在种群密度、可繁殖率、遗传多样性方面对马鹿放归的有效性进行了证实,但建议进一步在行为节律、家域和生境选择等方面开展研究,系统性评估马鹿种群的放归成效。Wildlife introduction is an important way to maintain the long⁃term survival of endangered species.Monitoring the effectiveness of releasing efforts can contribute to the scientific and efficient management of species.This study analyzed the population size and distribution of the red deer in the Huangnihe forestry area of south Zhangguangcai Mountain,Jilin Province,using the noninvasive capture⁃mark⁃recapture method.The effectiveness assessment on introduction was conducted through parentage identification and genetic diversity analysis using information of fecal DNA.The results showed that:(1)The average population of red deer in the Huangnihe was 90(range:68—124),with a density of 0.045(range:0.034—0.063)individuals/km^(2),concentrated in the northern Huangnihe and exhibiting status of geographic isolation;(2)The sex ratio within the wild deer population was 1.71∶1,and added the released ones was 1.83∶1,enhancing the population′s reproductive probability with the female red deer added;(3)Parentage identification detected successful reproduction in the wild by a released individual(R3)which produced offspring;(4)Genetic diversity results suggested that 2.9“new”allele genes were introduced to the wild red deer,thereby increasing its genetic diversity.Our research results showed the contributions of the released success on density and breeding rate.However,the behaviors,home range,and habitat occupancy should be analyzed in the future to provide more evidences on introduction effectiveness of red deer.

关 键 词：东北马鹿 野外放归 黄泥河林区 粪便DNA 

分 类 号：S863[农业科学—野生动物驯养]