低温冷榨菜籽油复配脱色工艺的优化  

Optimization of Compounding and Decolorization Process of Low Temperature Cold Pressed Rapeseed Oil

作　　者：马桂兰 王进英 冶梓芩 马金鸽 Ma Guilan;Wang Jinying;Ye Ziqin;Ma Jinge(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2024年第6期151-158,共8页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：青海省基础研究计划项目(2023-ZJ-757)。

摘　　要：以油菜籽为原料,经低温压榨工艺制取菜籽油,选择活性炭、活性白土、膨润土3种脱色剂进行复配,以脱色率为指标研究复配比率、复配脱色剂质量分数、脱色时间、脱色温度和搅拌速度五个因素对菜籽油脱色效果的影响。单因素与响应面实验优化菜籽油脱色工艺,并测定其理化品质、主体组分和微量组分。结果表明,菜籽油最佳脱色工艺为:时间35 min,温度100℃,搅拌速度180 r/min,复配比率2∶1∶1,复配质量分数3%。在该条件下,脱色率为82.2%。脱色菜籽油的酸价、过氧化值分别降低了21.88%、51.11%,微量组分角鲨烯、生育酚、甾醇含量均升高,其中γ-生育酚含量比菜籽毛油高30.47 mg/kg,脱色前后菜籽油的饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量没有显著性差异(P>0.05),脱色前后脂肪酸质量分数分别差0.03%、0.19%。The rapeseed oil was produced by low temperature pressing process using rapeseed as raw material.Three decolorizers,namely,activated carbon,activated white clay and bentonite,were selected for compounding,and the effects of five factors,namely,compounding ratio,compounding decolorizer addition,decolorization time,decolorization temperature and stirring speed,on the decolorization effect of rapeseed oil were studied with decolorization rate as the index.The optimum decolorization process was optimized by single-factor test and response surface method,and the physicochemical quality,main components and trace components of rapeseed oil were determined.The results indicated that the best decolorization process for rapeseed oil was:time of 35 min,temperature of 100℃,stirring speed of 180 r/min,compounding ratio of 2∶1∶1,compounding addition of 3%.Under these conditions,the decolorization rate was 82.2%.The acid value and peroxide value of decolorized rapeseed oil decreased by 21.88%and 51.11%,respectively,and the content of trace components squalene,tocopherol and sterols were increased,among which the content ofγ-tocopherol was 30.47 mg/kg higher than that of rapeseed crude oil;the difference between saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid content of rapeseed oil before and after decolorization was not significant(P>0.05),being 0.03%and 0.19%,respectively.

关 键 词：青海菜籽油 低温冷榨 脱色 

分 类 号：TS225[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]