天然气燃料在油田压裂增产中的应用  

Application of Natural Gas Fuel in Oilfield Fracturing Stimulation

作　　者：吕亮 袁圣杰 李心成 仲跻风 万军杰 Lv Liang;Yuan Shengjie;Li Xincheng;Zhong Jifeng;Wan Junjie(Yantai Jereh Petroleum Equipment&Technologies Co.,Ltd.,Yantai Shandong 264003)

机构地区：[1]烟台杰瑞石油装备技术有限公司,山东烟台264003

出　　处：《中外能源》2024年第8期87-93,共7页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：天然气燃料在油田压裂增产领域的应用越来越多,天然气涡轮机、天然气发动机等以天然气燃料作为能源的压裂设备技术不断发展,而双燃料发动机同时使用燃油和天然气两种燃料,降本增效的同时能最大限度适应压裂作业工况。通过分析对比采用天然气燃料为压裂提供动力的几种方案,从总的燃料利用率来看,双燃料发动机或天然气发动机对天然气的利用率最高,且技术方案相对简单。天然气发动机天然气利用率最高,燃烧效率也相对较高,结构和控制相对简单,但天然气燃烧的负载瞬态响应性比较差,对压裂工况的负载突变情况适应性差,需增加辅助的动力系统。国内目前还没有双燃料技术应用在压裂领域的案例,为此研究制定基于多点喷射技术的双燃料压裂系统方案,在压裂用发动机基础上增加双燃料系统,每个缸采用单独的喷射阀控制进气喷射,电子控制单元(ECU)对燃气喷射量进行精准控制,并根据发动机运行状态对双燃料模式进行自动切换。该方案在提升天然气燃料利用率的同时也保证了设备运行安全。今后在双燃料技术方面,需要持续推动双燃料核心部件喷射器、ECU以及燃料供给系统等关键技术的研究;在纯天然气燃料技术方面,要研究提高天然气燃烧瞬态响应的方法 ,并研究新的喷射技术。Natural gas fuel is increasingly used in the oilfield fracturing stimulation field.The technology for fracturing equipment including natural gas turbines and natural gas engines with natural gas energy is con-stantly developing.Dual-fuel engines use fuels oil and natural gas together,which can reduce costs,increase efficiency,and adapt to fracturing operation conditions to the greatest extent.Through the analysis and compari-son of several schemes using natural gas fuel to provide power for fracturing,from the perspective of total fuel utilization,dual-fuel engines or natural gas engines have the highest utilization rate of natural gas,and the technical scheme is relatively simple.The natural gas engine has the highest utilization rate of natural gas,relatively high combustion efficiency,and relatively simple structure and control.However,the load transient response of natural gas combustion is relatively weak,and it is hard to adapt to sudden load changes in fracturing conditions,and auxiliary power system needs.At present,there is no case of dual-fuel technology being applied in the fracturing field in China.Therefore,a dual-fuel fracturing system scheme based on multi-point injection technologyis researched and formulated.A dual-fuel system is added to the engine for the fracturing,and each cylinder uses a separate injection valve to control the intake injection.The electronic con-trol unit(ECU)accurately controls the gas injection volume,and automatically switches the dual-fuel mode according to the engine running status.With the help of this scheme,the utilization rate of natural gas fuel is improved during safe equipment operation.In the future,it is necessary to continue to promote the research of key technologies such as dual-fuel core components such as injectors,ECU,and fuel supply systems in terms of dual-fuel technology.In terms of pure natural gas fuel technology,it is necessary to study the methods for improving the transient response of natural gas combustion and studying new injection technology.

关 键 词：天然气燃料 压裂增产 双燃料发动机 燃料利用率 负载瞬态响应 喷射阀 

分 类 号：TE357[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]