反-反本质主义:寻找变化中的同一  

Anti-Anti-Essentialism: Searching for a Changing Same

作　　者：和磊[1] He Lei(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shandong Normal University,Jinan Shandong250014)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学文学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《山东师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期57-67,共11页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“文化研究接受史研究”(16BZW008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：反-反本质主义最早是由英国著名的文化理论大家保罗·吉尔罗伊提出的,其基本内涵可以用“变化中的同一”来概括。此概念一经提出,就在种族研究、女性主义研究等领域产生巨大影响,像斯皮瓦克的“策略性本质主义”等一些概念也被看作反-反本质主义而一起讨论。首先,反-反本质主义通过保持事物本身的具体同一性,建立一个更具包容性的新的逻辑起点。这个逻辑起点不是规定性的(本质主义),而是基于研究对象的现实经验表达,是描述性的,甚至是事实性的。其次,反-反本质主义通过双重定位,力求在差异中实现事物的不断“生成”,即在不断变化中实现事物的自我创造。再次,反-反本质主义通过策略性的停顿,实现对事物变化中的同一性认知,其目的是为了现实的具体政治行动。如何在快速流动的多样性的世界中超越本质主义与反本质主义的认识论模式,是人类在后现代主义之始就一直探索的重要课题,借助反-反本质主义这一概念,可以推进对这一课题的进一步思考。Anti-anti-essentialism was first proposed by Paul Gilroy, a renowned British cultural theorist, and its basic meaning can be summarized as “a changing same”. Once this concept was proposed, it had a huge impact in fields such as race studies and feminism studies. Concepts such as Spivak's strategic essentialism are discussed together as anti-anti-essentialism. Firstly, anti-anti-essentialism establishes a more inclusive new logical starting point by maintaining the concrete identity of things themselves. This logical starting point is not prescriptive(essentialism), but based on the expression of the research object's real experience, which is descriptive and even factual. Secondly, anti-anti-essentialism strives to realize the continuous “becoming” of things in differences through dual positioning, that is, to realize the self-creation of things in constant changes. Finally, anti-anti-essentialism realizes the sameness cognition in the changing through strategic pause, with the aim of concrete political action in reality. How to transcend the epistemological modes of essentialism and anti-essentialism in the fast-moving and diverse world is an important topic that human beings have been exploring since the beginning of post-modernism, and the concept of anti-anti-essentialism can propel further contemplation on this crucial subject.

关 键 词：反-反本质主义 本质主义 反本质主义 保罗·吉尔罗伊 变化中的同一 

分 类 号：G02[文化科学]