“才”字目的句  

Purposive Complex Sentences with Cai(才)

作　　者：伍依兰[1] 朱斌[2] 袁陈杰 Wu Yilan;Zhu Bin;Yuan Chen Jie

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学国际文化交流学院,武汉430079 [2]华中师范大学文学院,武汉430079 [3]华东师范大学外语学院,上海200241

出　　处：《语言研究集刊》2024年第1期21-35,M0004,共16页Bulletin of Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“现代汉语源流考”(项目编号22&ZD294);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“汉语排他性范畴研究”(项目编号20YJA740046)的资助。

摘　　要：“才”字目的句,是由关联副词“才”构成的目的复句。从关联标记的使用看,有时使用目的标和“才”配用,有时使用目的标、结果连标和“才”配用。“为了………才”是“才”字目的句的常用句式,“为了”前可添加七类成分:断言成分,范围成分,评价成分,语势成分,时间频率成分,功能语气成分,关联成分。目的有获取性和防免性之分,行为有实施与否之别。目的是非现实性的,行为是现实性或非现实性的。“才”字目的句表示必要性目的,在特定句式的制约下或者在特定语境的约定下,可以表示唯一性目的。“才”字目的句可以转化为“才”字必要性或唯一性条件句。Purposive complex sentences with cai(才)are a group of complex sentences that contain the conjunctive adverbial cai(才).The presence of a purposive clause is mandatory in such sentences whilst a causal clause is permissive but not mandatory.There are various ways to construct a purposive sentence using cai(才),the most common pattern being weile(为了)...cai(才),in which weile(为了)can be preceded by different components falling under the following seven categories:assertional components,quantificational restrictions,evaluative and force expressions,phrases concerning temporal frequency,and conjunctive components.The purpose expressed in a purposive complex sentence with cai(才)is either positive(i.e.,in order to achieve something)or negative(i.e.,in order to avoid something).The positive/negative distinction also applies if the purpose denotes an action:one might seek to do something or not to do something.The purpose is non-factive,and the action is either factive or non-factive.The purpose clause contained in a purposive complex sentence with cai(才)expresses a necessary condition,which could acquire the flavor of sufficiency under certain syntactic environments or contextual settings.In light of this,a purposive complex sentence with cai(才)can be conceived as a special type of conditional sentence with cai(才).

关 键 词：才目的句 必要性 唯一性 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]