监督下乡中的农村公共品供给实践与基层治理秩序  

The practice of rural public goods supply in the countryside and the order of grassroots governance under supervision

作　　者：张曦[1] ZHANG Xi(Qinghai University,Xining 8810000,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学人文学院,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期93-102,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“甘青涉藏地区脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴相衔接的典型调查研究”(23CMZ018);青海省哲学社会科学青年项目“青海牧区社会治理机制创新研究”(22Q066);青海大学青年科研基金项目“青海乡村人才振兴的困境与路径研究”(2022-QSY-7)。

摘　　要：项目制基层实践是国家资源的再分配过程,特别是税改后,国家依靠项目制提升农村公共品供给水平。人居环境整治呈现强项目制和强监督制的双重特征,形成标准下乡、规范下乡的公共品供给,对基层治理实践带来新的形塑变量,影响着国家-基层组织-农民间的互动关系,重构基层治理秩序。项目下乡匹配监督下乡,带来弱激励问题,乡村组织表现出回避治理矛盾的行为逻辑,呈现基层弱治理样态,不断出现农户搭政府便车现象,造成项目下乡中新的“最后一公里”问题。为了提高农村公共品供给水平,明确农村公共品需求层次,发挥乡村组织自治功能,畅通自下而上社会反馈机制来优化农村公共品供给体制。The grass-roots practice of project system is the redistribution process of national resources as the state relies on the project system to improve the supply level of rural public goods,especially after the tax reform.The improvement of human settlements environment presents the dual characteristics of strong project system and strong supervision system,forming a standard and standardized supply of public goods to the countryside,bringing new shaping variables to the practice of grass-roots governance,affecting the interaction between the state,grass-roots organizations and farmers,and reconstructing the order of grass-roots governance.The matching supervision of the project going to the countryside brings about the problem of weak incentives.Rural organizations avoid governance contradictions,showing the weak governance at the grass-roots level,and the phenomenon of farmers taking the government's free ride is constantly emerging,resulting in a new"last mile"problem in the project to the countryside.In order to improve the supply level of rural public goods,we must clarify the demand level of rural public goods,give play to the autonomous function of rural organizations,and unblock the bottom-up social feedback mechanism to optimize the supply system of rural public goods.

关 键 词：公共品供给 监督下乡 基层治理 项目制 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学]