晋语大同方言情态动词“待”的语法特征及其词义演化  

The Grammatical Features and Semantic Evolution of the Modal Verb“Dai”in Jin Dialect Spoken in Datong

作　　者：张宝 ZHANG Bao(International Cultural Exchange School,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际文化交流学院,上海200433

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期27-34,共8页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“桑干河沿岸十县市晋语虚词比较研究”(23CYY025)。

摘　　要：晋语大同方言的情态动词“待”主要用于“否定词+待VP”与“待VP(+语气标记)”这两种句法结构,其动力情态和道义情态的用法都比较发达,多表达对“意愿”“要求”或者“认同”的否定。“待”的词义演化步骤为:“等待义>需要义>情态义”,其否定的形义特征及其负极性是历时更迭的结果。晋语大同方言情态动词“待”的相关用法显示了某个主体对某项行为的否定态度,凸显了说话人的消极取向或负面评价。The modal verb“dai”in Jin dialect spoken in Datong is mainly used in two syntactic structures:“Neg+dai VP”and“dai VP(+Modal Particle)”.Its dynamic modality and deontic modality are used in many ways,and they mostly express the negation of“will”,“demand”or“approval”.The steps of semantic evolution of dai“are as follows:“waiting meaning>needing meaning>modality meaning”.Its negative form and meaning characteristics and its negative polarity are the result of diachronic change.The relevant usage shows a subject's negative attitude towards a certain behavior,highlighting the speaker's negative orientation or negative evaluation.

关 键 词：大同方言 “待” 情态动词 词义演化 

分 类 号：H172.2[语言文字—汉语] H04