肠道微生态与神经系统自身免疫性疾病  

Gut Microecology and Neurologic Autoimmune Diseases

作　　者：阎瑾逸 李志军 Yan Jinyi;Li Zhijun(Department of Neurology,Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经内科,武汉430030

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（医学版）》2024年第4期539-544,共6页Acta Medicinae Universitatis Scientiae et Technologiae Huazhong

基　　金：湖北省卫生健康委员会科研项目(No.WJ2021M119)。

摘　　要：神经系统自身免疫性疾病是一组因免疫系统攻击神经系统导致功能损伤障碍的疾病。近年关于肠道微生物群在神经系统自身免疫性疾病的发生发展中的作用获得了广泛的关注。自身免疫性疾病的发生常常伴随有肠道菌群紊乱以及微生物代谢产物异常。肠道菌群紊乱以菌群的多样性和组成改变,以及病原体增加为特征。当肠道微生态失衡导致免疫稳态无法维持时,可能通过神经途径、内分泌以及免疫炎症网络等多元化的机制参与各种自身免疫性疾病的发生发展。该文综述了常见的神经系统自身免疫性疾病(如多发性硬化、视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病、自身免疫性脑炎、重症肌无力、吉兰巴雷综合征、慢性吉兰巴雷综合征等)与肠道微生物群的关系,并探讨了未来可能涉及肠道微生物群的神经系统自身免疫性疾病的治疗方法。Neurologic autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the immune system attacks the nervous system resulting in dysfunctional impairments.The role of gut microbiota in the development of neurologic autoimmune diseases has gained widespread attention in recent years.The development of autoimmune diseases is often accompanied by intestinal flora disorders and microbial metabolite abnormalities.Disturbances of the intestinal flora are characterized by changes in the diversity and composition of the flora,as well as an increase in pathogens.When intestinal microecological imbalances result in unsuccessful maintenance of immune homeostasis,they may be involved in the development of various autoimmune diseases through diverse mechanisms such as neural pathways,endocrine,and immune-inflammatory networks.This article reviews the relationship between common neurologic autoimmune diseases(such as multiple sclerosis,optic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,autoimmune encephalitis,myasthenia gravis,Guillain-Barrésyndrome,and chronic Guillain-Barrésyndrome)and gut microbiota,and explores future therapeutic approaches for neurologic autoimmune diseases that may involve the gut microbiota.

关 键 词：神经系统自身免疫性疾病 肠道菌群 微生物-肠-脑轴 

分 类 号：R744.51[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R746.1[医药卫生—临床医学]