泾渭秦墓出土战国时期彩绘陶器绘彩工艺分析  

Analysis of the Painting Craftsmanship on Painted Pottery from Qin Tombs at the Jingwei Cemetery during the Warring States Period

作　　者：冯圆媛 王欣亚 曹龙 杨武站 张尚欣 王展 凌雪[1] Feng Yuanyuan;Wang Xinya;Cao long

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院 [2]延安大学历史文化学院 [3]陕西省考古研究院 [4]秦始皇帝陵博物院 [5]陕西省文物保护研究院

出　　处：《考古与文物》2024年第6期123-128,共6页Archaeology and Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社科基金“泾渭秦墓考古发掘报告”(编号:19BKG017)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：泾渭秦墓战国中期至晚期早段墓葬中出土了一批彩绘陶器,是研究秦人绘彩工艺的重要实物资料。本文采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及激光拉曼光谱仪对其微观形貌和颜料组成等方面进行分析。结果表明红、白、黑色颜料分别为赤铁矿、高岭土及炭黑,绘彩工具为毛刷等软质工具,这批彩绘陶器绘彩工艺较为粗糙,推测为民间作坊所制。但较纯高岭土作为白色颜料的发现,反映了秦人对颜料的认知和使用有一定发展。A collection of painted pottery excavated from 28 Qin tombs dating to the middle and late stage of the Warring States Period at the Jingwei cemetery offers valuable insights into the painting craftsmanship of ancient Qin people.In this article,the microscopic morphology and pigment composition of the painted pottery are analyzed by optical microscope,scanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectrometer,X-ray diffractometer and laser Raman spectrometer.The results show that the red,white,and black pigments are hematite,kaolin and charcoal separately.It is suggested that soft tools resembling fiber brushes were likely utilized for painting.The painting craftsmanship exhibits a relatively rough quality,indicative of production in a folk workshop setting.However,the discovery of purer kaolinite as white pigment reflects the advanced knowledge and evolving usage of pigments among the Qin people.

关 键 词：泾渭秦墓 战国时期 彩绘陶器 绘彩工艺 

分 类 号：K231[历史地理—历史学] O657[历史地理—中国史] K876.3[理学—分析化学]