早期琴的考古发现与形制演变  

Archaeological Discoveries and the Shape Evolution of Early Qin

作　　者：吴跃华 Wu Yuehua

机构地区：[1]北京璇玑堂文化发展有限公司,北京101318

出　　处：《南京艺术学院学报（音乐与表演版）》2024年第4期6-21,I0002,共17页JOURNAL OF NANJING UNIVERSITY OF THE ARTS:Music & Performance

摘　　要：考古发现的半箱式琴与传世古琴是什么关系?在半箱式琴之外,是否存在全箱式“中原琴”?有证据表明,海昏侯墓出土的半箱式琴来自中原;桓谭《新论》所言琴制也具有半箱式琴的独有特征;半箱式琴的图像资料直至三国时期都有发现。而乐器学的分析则发现,传世古琴与早期半箱式琴之间存在密切的、排他的继承与演变关系。故东汉之前文献中的琴指的就是半箱式琴;半箱式琴及其全箱化后代是早期琴史中的主流,是传世古琴的唯一前身;所谓全箱式“中原琴”在东汉之前可能并不存在。半箱式琴从春秋早期开始,经过一系列继承与演变,至晚在东汉中晚期完成全箱化,形成“全箱窄尾琴”和“全箱直边琴”两种基本类型,并在东晋之前定型为今制。The half-box qin found in the tomb of the Marquis of Haihun provides evidence that qin officially made in the Changyi Kingdom in Shandong in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty was also a half-box shape.In the early Eastern Han Dynasty,Huan Tan described a similar half-box shape qin in the New Treatise.Image data demonstrates that half-box qin could be traced back to the Three Kingdoms period.Studies from the perspective of organology show that there is a clear and exclusive inheritance and evolution relationship between ancient qin and the early half-box qin.Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that the qin described in the literature before the Eastern Han Dynasty was half-box shape,which along with its full-box descendants was the main type in the early history of the qin and the only predecessors of the hand-down qin.The existence of the so-called full-box central plain qin before the Eastern Han Dynasty is uncertain.Since the early Spring and Autumn Period,after a series of inheritance and evolution,the half-box qin had evolved into its full-box descendants in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty,resulting in two basic types known as the full-box narrow-tailed qin and full-box straight-sided qin,which were finalized as the present shape before the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

关 键 词：古琴 早期琴 半箱式 全箱式 形制 

分 类 号：J632.31[艺术—音乐] J609