1909--1944年清华留美学生职业状况量化研究  

A Quantitative Study on the Career Trajectory of Tsinghua Returnees from the United States(1909--1944)

作　　者：梁晨 Liang Chen

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院暨中华民国史研究中心

出　　处：《近代史研究》2024年第4期21-43,M0003,共24页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“民国清华留美生职业发展量化研究”(19BZS084)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：借助数字技术并经人工比对,可从大量数字文献和数据库中收集到晚清民国清华选派的绝大多数留美学生的工作信息。该工作不仅为系统研究清华留美学生职业获得与发展建立数据基础,也为突破量化史学主要依靠结构性史料的局限提供了示例。分析清华留美学生多个时间节点的职业信息可知,他们回国初期主要在学校和实业部门工作,在实现“学以致用”的同时,初期职业较一般留学生更具专业性,后期职业则多有变动。其职业变动与国家局势颇为相关,“学以报国”的倾向更为明显。与此同时,留美学生群体的聚集性也逐步显现,同学关系在个人发展中的推动作用不断增强。清华留美学生职业发展的基础是重视客观选拔和系统培养,强调理论学习与实践运用相结合,可为后世提供借鉴。Utilizing digital technology and manual comparisons,researchers have efficiently gathered information from a vast digital literature database on the experiences of Tsinghua students selected to study in the United States during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republican era.This research not only establishes a comprehensive dataset for systematic exploration of the career paths and development of these students upon their return to China but also serves as a model for overcoming the constraints of quantitative history,which traditionally relies on structural historical data.Analysis reveals that upon returning to China,Tsinghua students primarily pursued careers in educational institutions and industrial sectors,applying their knowledge gained in the United States.Generally,they occupied more specialized roles compared to other overseas returnees during this early stage of their careers.However,their career trajectories evolved over time,closely intertwined with China's domestic situation.Overall,they sought positions enabling them to contribute to the nation by implementing their acquired knowledge.Their careers were notably marked by intersections,underscoring the significance of personal networks among Tsinghua alumni.The career paths of these returnees underscore the importance of merit-based selection,robust training programs,and the integration of theoretical learning with practical application,a legacy that remains relevant today.

关 键 词：清华 留美学生 职业生涯 量化历史 数字技术 

分 类 号：G649.29[文化科学—高等教育学]