新型三定子直流无刷电机的设计与特性分析  

Design and characteristic analysis of new three-stator DC brushless motor

作　　者：向文乐 向青青[2] 李圳 刘志强[2] XIANG Wenle;XIANG Qingqing;LI Zhen;LIU Zhiqiang(School of International Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China;College of Excellent Engineers,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China;College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学国际工学院,湖南长沙410114 [2]长沙理工大学卓越工程师学院,湖南长沙410114 [3]长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院,湖南长沙410114

出　　处：《现代电子技术》2024年第16期76-84,共9页Modern Electronics Technique

基　　金：大学生创新训练计划(国家级):分相控制的三定子直流无刷电机设计及驱动方法研究(S202310536062)。

摘　　要：传统直流无刷电机齿槽分布受限导致气隙磁场波动,会造成转矩输出波动较大,故需要同步匹配设计复杂的驱动控制系统与控制算法。为此,提出一种新型的三定子直流无刷电机拓扑结构。通过等效磁路法计算出三定子直流无刷电机的主要结构尺寸。设计了三定子直流无刷电机的绕线方式和换向逻辑,驱动控制简单。基于Ansoft maxwell仿真软件,建立了电机有限元模型,仿真分析了电机静态磁场分布、气隙面域磁密分布和空载反电动势等。得到了三定子直流无刷电机的转矩特性:其转矩峰值可达8.5 N·m;电感特性:其三相绕组间磁场相互解耦,互感为0,自感平均值为4.5 mH;效率与损耗特性:不计机械损耗的情况下电机理想效率可达92%。研制了试验样机并进行试验验证,有限元分析和试验结果表明:三定子结构电机磁通密度高,输出转矩大,转矩峰值较单定子电机提升了42%;输出转矩波动小,较单定子电机波动降低了30%。在额定转矩为7.5 N·m的情况下,电机转速从启动到500 r/min的响应时间仅为0.8 s;从500~1000 r/min的响应时间仅为1.5 s;从1000~1500 r/min的响应时间仅为2.1 s。The limited slot distribution in traditional brushless DC motors leads to fluctuations in the air gap magnetic field,resulting in significant torque output fluctuations.It is necessary to design complex drive control systems and control algorithms by synchronous matching.Therefore,a new topology structure of the three-stator DC brushless motor is proposed.Based on the equivalent magnetic circuit method,the main structure size of the three-stator DC brushless motor is calculated.The winding mode and reversing logic of the three-stator DC brushless motor are designed.Based on Ansoft maxwell simulation software,the finite element model of the motor is established,and the simulation analysis of the static magnetic field distribution,magnetic density distribution in the air gap area and no-load back electromotive force of the motor are conducted,so as to obtain the torque characteristics of the three-stator DC brushless motor:the peak torque can reach 8.5 N·m;the inductance characteristics:the magnetic field between the three-phase winding was decoupled,the mutual inductance is 0,and the average self-inductance is 4.5 mH;and the efficiency and loss characteristics:The ideal efficiency of the motor can reach 92%without mechanical loss.The testing prototype is developed and verified.The finite element analysis and testing results show that the three-stator motor has high magnetic flux density,large output torque,and the peak torque is increased by 42%compared with the single-stator motor.The output torque fluctuation is small,which is 30%lower than that of single-stator motor.Under the condition of rated torque 7.5 N·m,the response time of motor speed from start to 500 r/min is 0.8 s,the response time from 500 r/min to 1000 r/min is 1.5 s,and the response time from 1000 r/min to 1500 r/min is 2.1 s.

关 键 词：三定子直流无刷电机 等效磁路法 静态磁场 气隙磁密 空载反电动势 有限元分析 

分 类 号：TN402-34[电子电信—微电子学与固体电子学] TM301.4[电气工程—电机]