汉代文章“属辞比事”论  

On“Zhuci Bishi”in the Han Dynasty Articles

作　　者：许结[1] Xu Jie

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,南京210023

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期100-111,230,231,共14页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：汉代文章进入了一个制度化的时代,其文法尤以“属辞比事”见长,这一源于“属辞比事,《春秋》教也”的思想衍展而为汉文的写作法则,实经过了从《春秋》学到西汉文的历史演进。在汉人的文章写作过程中,其属辞比事的方法相对集中地表现在以史喻今的笔法和连类比德的思考,同时又形成文体互通的创作形态。从文学史的意义来看,相较而言属辞比事的方法更多地体现在西汉文,东汉文虽亦承续西汉文,但因俪词偶文渐盛,则渐次消解其文法,由此论其文章学的内涵,则又形成了从“属辞比事”到“事辞称”的理论迁递。The articles of the Han Dynasty entered an era of institutionalization,and their writing style was known for its“Zhuci Bishi”(arranging facts with the appropriate words and expressions属辞比事),which originated from the meaning of the Spring and Autumn Annals.This writing principle had undergone a historical evolution from the Spring and Autumn Annals to Western Chinese.In the process of writing articles by the Han Dynasty people,this principle was relatively concentrated in the use of historical metaphors and the contemplation of analogies,while also forming a creative form of stylistic exchange.From the perspective of literary history,this writing principle was more reflected in the articles of the Western Han Dynasty.Although the articles of the Eastern Han Dynasty also continued the works of the Western Han Dynasty,their grammar had gradually been dissolved.In terms of the connotation of article studies,it had formed a theoretical transition from“Zhuci Bishi”to“Shici Cheng”(Coordination between narration and words事辞称).

关 键 词：春秋学 汉代文章 文法 属辞比事 事辞称 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学] K234[历史地理—历史学]