民事公益诉讼的制度危机与程序统合  

Institutional Crises and Procedural Integration of Civil Public Interest Litigation

作　　者：丁宝同[1] Ding Baotong(Law School of Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《政法论丛》2024年第4期118-129,共12页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“公益诉讼发展进路的团体诉讼程序法理检视”(22FFXB053);重庆市教委人文社科规划项目“习近平法治思想下生态环境损害赔偿诉讼研究”(22SKGH003);中国法学会民事诉讼法学研究会年度课题“公益诉讼研究”(202306)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：我国民事公益诉讼的发展可谓壮观,但风生水起的背后隐藏着渐趋严峻的制度危机。危机的三重外在表象是“超简化立法系统性不足”“司法解释规则碎片化趋势”和“程序属性、制度功能异化”,其内在法理本质则是民事公益诉讼“立法”与“司法解释”的实然性功能错位。将欲挽回残局,民事公益诉讼“立法”与“司法解释”须回归应然性功能构造。为此,要立足于党的二十大报告进一步“完善公益诉讼制度”的明确要求,依托已纳入《十四届全国人大常委会立法规划》一类项目之《检察公益诉讼法》(《公益诉讼法》一并考虑)的立法进程,提出“民事公益侵害阻断程序”的理论性支撑概念,结合相关立法的一体化配套修改,推进民事公益诉讼的立法性程序统合。Chinese Civil Public Interest Litigation is facing increasingly serious institutional crises,which are covered by it’s rapid expansion.Function malposition between it’s legislation and judicial interpretation is the legal theory essence of the institutional crises,which began with the super simplified legislative scheme lacking systematicness,developed into fragmentary tendency of judicial interpretation rules and resulted in dissimilation of procedural nature and institutional function.To solve the institutional crises,the function of it’s legislation and judicial interpretation must return to proper orientation.For this purpose,on account of the clear demand on furtherly improving Public Interest Litigation System in the Report to the 20th National Congress of Communist Party of China,relying on the legislative progress of Procuratorate Public Interest Procedure Law(Public Interest Procedure Law)as a class project in the Legislative Plan of the 14th NPC,we must push forward the legislative procedure integration on Civil Public Interest Litigation,which are based on a new theoretical concept named Civil Procedure Preventing Infringement on Public Interest and assisted by modification of relevant legislations.

关 键 词：民事公益诉讼 制度危机 程序统合 民事公益侵害阻断程序 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]