行胜于言——从“言行之辨”看老子行论  

Actions Speak Louder than Words:Exploring Laozi's Theory of Action Based on His Distinction between Words and Deeds

作　　者：李健 Li Jian

机构地区：[1]西安外事学院人文艺术学院 [2]七方教育研究院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2024年第5期31-42,156,157,共14页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：陕西省社会科学基金年度项目“先秦道家生命哲学研究”(2023C010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：老子道论在根本上是行论,具体在“言行之辨”里展开。老子认为行胜于言,其行论可涵摄体道论、天道论、修身论和治国论。“言者不知”(“道可道,非常道”)即道在行而不在言,体道的方法就是“行于大道”,这是老子的体道论。“希言自然”即道自然而不言,道以大化流行、“周行而不殆”的方式运行,这是老子的天道论。“美言不信”即修道不在美丽的言语,而在力行即“行可以加人”,这是老子的修身论。“多言数穷”即统治者应守静,“行不言之教”,这是老子的治国论。天道之行表现为运行,人道之行表现为力行。Laozi's theory of Tao is primarily a theory on action,as evidenced by his“distinction between words and deeds.”Laozi believes that actions are superior to words,and his theory of action incorporates his ideas on embodying the Tao,the Tao of Heaven,self-cultivation,and state governance.Laozi asserts that“He who speaks does not know”and“The Tao that can be spoken is not the constant Tao,”highlighting the idea that the Tao manifests through actions rather than words.The way to embody the Tao is to“walk on the road(Tao),”making action the foundation of Laozi's ideas on embodying the Tao.“To have few words is to be selfso”means that the Tao is self-sufficient and does not need words.The Tao is a great transformation in movement,existing through activity that cycles over and over:“It rotates without end.”Such a theory of activity shows Laozi's ideas on the Tao of Heaven.“Beautiful words are not trustworthy”means that cultivating the Tao is not about beautiful words but about action.Thus,“through action people are enhanced”summarizes Laozi's ideas on self-cultivation.“Many words are soon exhausted”indicates that the ruler should be silent and“enact teachings without words,”articulating Laozi's theory on state governance.The Tao of Heaven manifests in its cosmic activity,and the Tao of humanity manifests through human actions.

关 键 词：老子行论 体道论 天道论 修身论 治国论 

分 类 号：B223.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学]