现代汉语词类、词长、词义的数量特征分析  

Quantitative Analysis of Word Classes,Word Lengths and Word Meanings in Modern Chinese

作　　者：张永伟[1,2,3] Zhang Yongwei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所应用语言学研究室 [3]中国社会科学院大学文学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2024年第5期64-80,158,F0003,共19页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“基于《现代汉语词典》的词汇计量研究”(20BYY170);国家社会科学基金重大项目“辞书编纂用大型多功能语料库建设与研究”(23&ZD314)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文以《现代汉语词典》第7版收录的词目为现代汉语基本词汇的代表,统计这些词语的词类、词长、词义的数量特征并进一步探讨这些特征之间的内在关系。从词长来看,基本词类以双音节为主,而叹词、助词、量词等以单音节为主;从词义来看,汉语以单义词为主;从词类来看,名词、动词、形容词是主体,占比超过95%。无论是否区分词性,词长和词量、词长和词义数、词义数和词量均大致呈反比关系。This paper takes the words included in the 7th edition ofModern Chinese Dictionaryas representatives of the basic vocabulary of modern Chinese,and statistically analyzes the quantity features of these words,parts of speech,word lengths,and word meanings,while further exploring the inherent relationships among these characteristics.In terms of word lengths,basic parts of speech are mostly disyllabic,while interjections,function words,measure words,etc.are mostly monosyllabic.In terms of word meanings,monosemous words are in the majority in Chinese.In terms of word classes,nouns,verbs and adjectives are the main categories,accounting for over 95%.Regardless of whether word classes are distinguished,there are roughly inverse relationships among word lengths and numbers of words,word lengths and numbers of word meanings,and numbers of word meanings and numbers of words.

关 键 词：《现代汉语词典》 词类 词长 词义 数量特征 

分 类 号：H03[语言文字—语言学]