40 a施肥措施对黑土土壤酶化学计量特征的影响  

Effects of 40 Years of Fertilizer Application on the Characteristics of Soil Enzymatic Stoichiometry in Black Soil

作　　者：邓慧玉 马星竹 刘子恺 刘妍霁 郝小雨 赵月 贺纪正 沈菊培 DENG Hui-yu;MA Xing-zhu;LIU Zi-kai;LIU Yan-ji;HAO Xiao-yu;ZHAO Yue;HE Ji-zheng;SHEN Ju-pei(Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education,College of Geographical Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization,Harbin 150086,China;School of Geographical Sciences,School of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室,福州350117 [2]黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院,哈尔滨150086 [3]福建师范大学地理科学学院,碳中和未来技术学院,福州350117

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第8期4915-4922,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32171642);黑龙江省农业科学院科技创新跨越工程项目(CX23JC02);福建省“闽江学者奖励计划”项目。

摘　　要：为探究长期施肥措施对黑土土壤养分平衡和酶化学计量特征的影响,选取长期定位实验(40a)样地4种不同施肥处理:不施肥、施氮肥、施磷肥和氮磷混施,分别在2021年4月和2022年4月采集土壤样品,测定土壤4种水解酶活性并分析酶化学计量特征.结果表明,施氮和氮磷混施均显著提高酸性磷酸酶和β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性,分别提高68%~158%和26%~222%.施磷和氮磷混施则显著影响β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性,其酶活性最高达75.48 nmol·(g·h)^(-1)和106.81 nmol·(g·h)^(-1).双因素方差分析显示氮和磷输入对土壤酶活性均产生显著影响.冗余分析表明酶活性变化的主要影响因子为土壤pH值、微生物生物量磷和有效磷.通过计算酶化学计量比,发现氮处理显著增加酶矢量长度,其数值主要在1.32~1.52之间,而酶矢量角度均>45°,表明黑土主要受碳磷共同限制.通过以上分析可以发现40 a长期施肥处理对黑土土壤酶及资源利用策略有显著影响,研究结果为评估长期施肥处理对土壤养分平衡和可持续利用具有重要的生态学意义.Microorganisms produce extracellular enzymes to meet elemental requirements and cope with stoichiometric imbalances of resources.To gain insights into the cycling of C,N,and P,the activities of the C∶N∶P acquisition enzymes have been extensively investigated.To detect the effects of long-term fertilization practices on soil nutrient balance and characteristics of soil enzymatic stoichiometry in black soil,four different fertilization treatments were selected:no fertilization(CK),nitrogen fertilizer(N),phosphorus fertilizer(P),and combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers(NP).Soil samples were collected in both April 2021 and April 2022 to determine soil enzyme activities and their stoichiometric characteristics.The results showed that soil acid phosphatase andβ-D-glucosidase activities were significantly higher in the N and NP treatments than in CK by 68%-158%and 26%-222%,respectively.Soilβ-N-acetylaminoglucosidase activities were significantly higher in the P and NP treatments,with the highest around 75.48 nmol·(g·h)^(-1)and 106.81 nmol·(g·h)^(-1),respectively.Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that N and P inputs had a great impact on soil enzyme activities.Redundancy analysis showed that the main factors controlling enzyme activities were soil pH,microbial biomass phosphorus,and soil available P content.It was found that N inputs significantly increased enzyme vector length,which was ranged from 1.32 to 1.52,and the enzyme vector angles were all larger than 45°,suggesting C and P co-limited in the black soils.These findings suggest that 40 years of fertilization have had a great impact on soil enzymes and the related resource use strategy,which provides great implications for assessing soil nutrients balance and soil sustainability.

关 键 词：长期定位实验 氮肥 磷肥 酶矢量长度 酶矢量角度 磷限制 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]