教育与技能错配对本科毕业生收入的影响——基于陕西高校毕业生调查数据的分析  

The Effects of Education and Skill Mismatch on Wages of Undergraduate Graduates

作　　者：陆根书 成小娟[1] Lu Genshu;Cheng Xiaojuan

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院,西安710049 [2]西安交通大学中国西部高等教育评估中心,西安710049

出　　处：《江苏高教》2024年第8期34-45,共12页Jiangsu Higher Education

摘　　要：文章利用“陕西高校毕业生就业创业质量跟踪调查”中2022届本科毕业生数据,应用多元回归和Heckman两步法分析了教育与技能错配的分布状态及其收入效应。结果发现:(1)本科毕业生就业存在较大的教育与技能错配风险,其中教育错配的发生几率为33.52%,技能错配的发生几率为26.14%,不同类型教育与技能错配组合的发生几率为47.98%。(2)本科毕业生就业发生教育错配与技能错配存在显著的弱相关。(3)本科毕业生就业发生教育错配与技能错配及其不同组合的收入效应是不同的。在此基础上,文章提出了提高本科毕业生就业质量的政策建议:促进本科毕业生高质量就业必须关注教育与技能错配问题;在高等教育普及化发展阶段要强化对大学生的技能训练;要逐步消除劳动力市场歧视,实现本科毕业生公平就业。Using the data of"Shaanxi University Graduates'Employment and Entrepreneurship Quality Tracking Survey"in 2022,this paper analyzes the distribution of education and skill mismatch and their wage effects by using multiple regression and Heckman two-step method.The results find that:(1)There is a large risk of education and skill mismatch in the employment of undergraduate graduates,in which the incidence of education mismatch is 33.52%,the incidence of skill mismatch is 26.14%,and the incidences of different types of education and skill mismatch combinations are 47.98%.(2)There is a significant weak correlation between education mismatch and skill mismatch in the employment of undergraduate graduates.(3)The wage effects of the education mismatch and skill mismatch and their different combinations in the employment of undergraduate graduates are different.On this basis,the paper puts forward some policy suggestions to improve the quality of employment of undergraduate graduates:(1)We must pay attention to the problems of education and skill mismatch to improve the quality of employment of undergraduate graduates,(2)Strengthen the skill training of university students in the popularization stage of higher education.(3)To gradually eliminate discrimination in the labor market and achieve fair employment for college graduates.

关 键 词：本科毕业生 教育错配 技能错配 收入效应 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]