数字时代劳动者隐私权保护的社会法进路  

Social Law Paths for the Privacy Right Protection of Workers in Digital Age

作　　者：战东升 Zhan Dongsheng

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2024年第4期88-102,共15页Local Legislation Journal

基　　金：2022年度重庆市社会科学规划项目“人工智能时代劳动法面临的挑战及其应对研究”(2022NDYB36);2022年度教育部人文社会科学研究项目“民法典实施对劳动法的挑战及其应对研究”(22YJA820032)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着数字时代的到来,劳动者隐私权受到用人单位侵害的风险日益增大。由于当前我国劳动立法缺乏对劳动者隐私权的保护性规定,致使劳动者隐私权受到侵犯时往往只能采取私法路径寻求救济。然而,基于劳动关系的从属性,劳动者隐私权的私法保护面临知情同意规则无法发挥作用、侵权行为难以认定、事后救济不充分等局限。社会法具有以社会利益为本位、侧重对弱势群体的保护、拥有独特的调整方式等特征,能够克服私法保护路径的局限,为劳动者隐私权提供更加周全的保护。基于此,建议向社会法保护路径进行转变:在立法层面,当前可以通过修改《劳动合同法》,未来还可以通过制定“劳动基准法”、编纂劳动法典,实现对劳动者隐私权保护相关规定的系统性构建;在具体举措上,可通过限制知情同意规则的适用、优化侵权行为认定机制、强化事前预防和事中救济等,最终实现对劳动者隐私权的充分保护。With the advent of the digital age,the risks of workers’privacy right being infringed by employers have been increasing.Because of the absence of protective provisions for the privacy right of workers in China s existing labor law,workers have to resort to private law paths for reliefs if their privacy rights are infringed.However,based on the dependency of labor relations,the private law protection of workers’privacy rights faces the limitations including the informed consent rule that cannot be fulfilled,the difficulty to identify infringement acts,and insufficient ex-post reliefs.Featuring social benefits-oriented solutions,as well as protection for vulnerable groups,and unique adjustments,social laws can overcome the limitations of private law protection paths to provide all-around protection for workers’privacy rights.Therefore,it is desirable to shift to social law protection.In terms of legislation,the Labor Contract Law can be amended,the Labor Standard Law can be enacted in the future,and labor codes are compiled to achieve the systematic construction of provisions related to workers’privacy right protection.In terms of specific measures,the application of the informed content rule can be restricted,the infringement acts identification mechanism can be optimized,and preventive measures and in-process relief can be intensified for the sufficient protection of workers’privacy right.

关 键 词：数字时代 劳动者 隐私权 私法路径 社会法路径 

分 类 号：D922.52[政治法律—民商法学] D923[政治法律—法学]