权责与协同:基于整体性治理的中国生物安全治理体系构建  

Rights,Responsibilities and Synergies:The Construction of China’s Biosafety Governance System Based on Holistic Governance

作　　者：李萌[1,2] LI Meng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院生态文明研究所 [2]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院

出　　处：《阅江学刊》2024年第4期42-55,171,共15页Yuejiang Academic Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金国家应急管理体系建设研究专项“我国生物安全治理体系构建中部门权责划分及协调机制建设研究”(20VYJ053)。

摘　　要：生物安全威胁是当前我国乃至国际社会面临的最严重威胁之一。随着国内国际环境变化,我国正处于生物安全的高风险期和压力凸显期。基于整体性治理原理变革生物安全治理范式,构建现代化的生物安全治理体系,是现实所急、时代所需。依据《生物安全法》,我国已经建立了层级式的生物安全管理体制,管理机构设置和权责划分主要采取“分级负责,分工负责”的方法。由于部门权责划分不明确,我国生物安全管理体制中仍存在一些突出问题,亟须开展划分方法创新和系统性调整。在现有机构建设和责权划分的基础上,采用“依法依规、两纵三横”和“单向坐标”的生物安全权责划分方法,进一步理清权责清单,完善权责分配,系统构建生物安全治理体系。中国生物安全治理体系协同机制的建设一方面要完善治理主体的协同体系,包括各级政府之间的协同治理,政府、市场与公众之间的协同治理等;另一方面要加强治理过程中的协同体系,包括全环节全过程的价值理念协同、目标规划协同、执行过程协同、绩效评估协同等。Biosecurity is one of the most serious threats facing China and the international community.With the changes in the domestic and international environment,China is in a period of high risk and pressure on biosecurity.Changing the biosafety governance paradigm based on the principle of holistic governance and building a modernized biosafety governance system are the urgency of reality and the need of the times.In accordance with the Biosafety Law,China has already established a hierarchical biosafety management system,and the setting up of management organizations and the division of powers and responsibilities are mainly based on the“hierarchical responsibility and division of labor”approach.Due to the unclear division of powers and responsibilities among departments,there are still some outstanding problems in China’s biosafety management system,and it is urgent to carry out innovation and systematic adjustment of the division method.On the basis of the existing institutional construction and division of responsibilities and powers,we should adopt the“two verticals and three horizontals”and“one-way coordination”method of division of powers and responsibilities in biosafety,so as to further clarify the list of powers and responsibilities,improve the distribution of powers and responsibilities,and systematically build up a biosafety governance system.On the one hand,the construction of a synergistic mechanism for China’s biosafety governance system should improve the synergistic system of governance subjects,including synergistic governance among governments at all levels,and synergistic governance among the government,the market and the public.On the other hand,it is necessary to strengthen the synergistic system of the governance process,including synergistic value concepts,goal planning,implementation process and performance evaluation throughout the whole link and the whole process.

关 键 词：生物安全 整体性治理 权责划分 新发展格局 全球化 生态文明 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] Q-05[政治法律—法学]