债权人撤销之诉法律构造的反思与重塑  

Reflection and Reconstruction of Legal Structure of Creditor's Revocation Suit

作　　者：云晋升 YUN Jin-sheng(Academy for China's Rule-of-Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学中国法治战略研究院,上海201620

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学》2024年第4期135-143,共9页Inner Mongolia Social Sciences

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第72批面上资助项目“担保法现代化进程中的破产法协动机制研究”(编号:2022M721175)。

摘　　要：司法实践对于债权人撤销之诉的构造有着不同的认识,有些延续了惯性的做法,有些则出于诉讼经济的考虑采用了突破性的做法。背后的原因是既有的债权人撤销之诉的构造存在较大的问题。《民法典(草案)》试图在债权人撤销之诉作为形成之诉的定性下,通过债权人撤销之诉和债权人代位之诉合并审理的方式在实践层面解决这一问题,《民法典合同编通则司法解释》继续沿用了该做法,但法定诉讼合并的方案只是权宜之计。债权人撤销之诉天然具有给付之诉的特征,并不需要借助于债权人代位之诉的帮助来实现诉讼目的。债权人撤销之诉的诉讼标的是受让人容忍债权人申请执行撤销权指向的标的物。在债权人撤销之诉中,债务人的相对人是适格的被告,地域管辖也应遵循原告就被告的原则,最为重要的诉讼标的的认定有赖于法院积极释明职能的发挥。The legal structure of creditor's revocation action has long been debated in the judicatory practice.Some follow the past judicial opinion,and some make innovative changes for judicial economy reasons.The reason behind this could be that there are some defects in legal structure of creditor's revocation suit.The common theory believes that the type of creditor's revocation suit is the suit on changing legal relation.Under the above theory,the draft of the Civil Code contained an article which allows creditors to exercise subrogation right and revocation right simultaneously.The Judicial Interpretation on Contracts also contains a similar article.But this article is an expedient.The type of creditor's revocation suit is the suit for performance,thus the combination of two suits is not necessarily.The object of creditor's revocation suit is whether the creditor can levy execution on the asset transferred.The transferee is the defendant of the suit.The lawsuit shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court in the place where the transferee has his or her domicile.The judge's elucidation is helpful for the activities of creditor's revocation suit.

关 键 词：债权人撤销之诉 给付之诉 诉讼合并 诉讼标的 诉讼经济 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]