移栽方式对烤烟生长及土壤微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of Different Transplantation Methods on Flue-Cured Tobacco Growth and Soil Microbial Diversity

作　　者：吴芳 袁少雄 江静兰 杨如松 谭应举 韩丹[1] 邱坤 邵惠芳[1] Wu Fang;Yuan Shaoxiong;Jiang Jinglan;Yang Rusong;Tan Yingju;Han Dan;Qiu Kun;Shao Huifang(Tobacco College,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Qiandongnan Prefecture Company,Guizhou Tobacco Company,Kaili 556000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州450002 [2]贵州省烟草公司黔东南州公司,贵州凯里556000

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第7期89-98,共10页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司黔东南州公司科技项目“基于移栽方式的黔东南州烟叶提质增效技术研究及应用”(2022522600200046);中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目“黔东南烟区土壤板结消减关键技术研究及应用”(2023XM13)。

摘　　要：为筛选出适合贵州镇远县特色优质烟叶生产的移栽方式,本研究探索了5种移栽方式(常规移栽、井窖式移栽、膜下小苗移栽、鸭嘴式移栽、营养块移栽)对镇远县黄壤类型下烤烟幼苗成活率、农艺性状、病虫害、干物质积累、根系性状、经济性状以及土壤微生物多样性的影响。结果显示,营养块移栽方式下烟苗成活率最高。从农艺性状来看,移栽后45 d和60 d营养块移栽方式下烤烟的生长趋势较好,鸭嘴式移栽次之;移栽后75 d,各处理之间无明显差异。移栽后75 d的干物质积累以及根系发育以营养块移栽、井窖式移栽表现较好,鸭嘴式移栽次之。鸭嘴式移栽、营养块移栽抗花叶病效果较好,常规移栽抗烟青虫效果较好。从土壤微生物多样性看,细菌多样性指数和丰度指数以营养块移栽方式下最高,井窖式移栽、鸭嘴式移栽次之,膜下小苗移栽方式较低;真菌多样性指数和丰度指数以鸭嘴式移栽最高,常规移栽次之,膜下小苗移栽较低。从经济性状来看,鸭嘴式移栽方式下烤烟的产量、产值、上等烟比例最高,效益最好。综上,鸭嘴式移栽是最适合镇远县黄壤的移栽方式。In order to screen out the transplanting method suitable for production of characteristic highquality tobacco leaves in Zhenyuan County,Guizhou Province,this study explored the effects of five transplanting methods(conventional transplanting,well cellar transplanting,seedling transplanting under film,duckbilled transplanting,nutrition block transplanting)on survival rate,agronomic traits,diseases and insect pests,dry matter accumulation,root traits and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco seedlings and soil microbial diversity under yellow soil type in Zhenyuan County.The results showed that the survival rate of tobacco seedlings was the highest under the nutrition block transplanting.From the perspective of agronomic traits,the growth of flue-cured tobacco was the best at 45 d and 60 d after the nutrition block transplanting,followed by the duck-billed transplanting;but there was no significant difference between the treatments at 75 d after transplanting.The dry matter accumulation and root development at 75 d after transplanting were better under the nutrition block transplanting and the well cellar transplanting,followed by duck-billed transplanting.The tobacco plants under duck-billed transplanting and nutrition block transplanting had better resistance to the mosaic disease,and those under the conventional transplanting had better resistance to tobacco budworm.From the perspective of soil microbial diversity,the bacterial diversity index and abundance index of rhizosphere soil of tobacco were the highest under the nutrition block transplanting,followed by the well cellar transplanting and duck-billed transplanting,and those were lower after the seedling transplanting under film.The diversity index and abundance index of fungi were the highest under the duck-billed transplanting,followed by conventional transplanting,while those were lower after the seedling transplanting under film.From the perspective of economic traits,the yield,output value and proportion of superior tobacco leaves of flue-cured tobacco

关 键 词：烤烟 移栽方式 农艺性状 产质量 黄壤 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]