全天候工作单光子计数激光雷达  

All-weather Single-photon Lidar

作　　者：刘英见 刘航宇 蒋凯 魏仁杰 孙宝瑞 叶楠 王亮[1,5] LIU Yingjian;LIU Hangyu;JIANG Kai;WEI Renjie;SUN Baorui;YE Nan;WANG Liang(Department of Optics and Optical Engineering,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Sinotest Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130103,China;Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks,School of Communication and Information Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200072,China;Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science,School of Communication and Information Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200072,China;College of Artificial Intelligence,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300457,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学光学与光学工程系,合肥230026 [2]中机试验装备股份有限公司,长春130103 [3]上海大学通信与信息工程学院、特种光纤与光接入网重点实验室,上海200072 [4]上海大学通信与信息工程学院、上海市先进通信与数据科学研究院,上海200072 [5]天津科技大学人工智能学院,天津300457

出　　处：《光通信研究》2024年第4期73-78,共6页Study on Optical Communications

基　　金：安徽省重点研究与开发计划资助项目(202004A05020077);上海市科学技术委员会资助项目(22511100902)。

摘　　要：【目的】单光子探测以及单光子测距系统在三维成像和超远距离空间遥感等方向有着广泛的应用。然而,由于器件本身的限制以及太阳光的背景噪声等因素,其应用场景大多处于夜间状态。【方法】文章通过改进传统激光雷达系统,使用全光纤光学系统,利用超窄带宽光纤滤波,大大提高了系统的稳定性,配合机械运动控制实现了超大视角和超高分辨率,且为可以在日间和雾天等光学环境恶劣环境下工作的单光子成像系统。同时,文章所提改进激光雷达系统基于大气穿透性好、传输损耗低的1550 nm波段进行设计,提升了在雾天以及雨天的工作能力。【结果】文章所提系统在能见度为500 m左右的雾天状态实现了1.6 km外物体的三维成像,其成像距离是当时能见度的3倍。配合超高分辨率的时间/数字转换器,并根据激光雷达系统的系统响应函数构建模型,利用最小化负对数似然函数对直方图的强度信息和距离信息进行优化,可以大大提升距离分辨率,相比于最大值法得到的0.05 m的距离分辨率,文章所提系统结合最小化负对数似然函数方法将距离分辨率提升到了0.006 m。同时通过对图像进行正则化处理来抑制光子技术的涨落对成像效果的影响,以此来消除图片中的噪点。【结论】基于1550 nm的全光纤激光雷达系统具备很强的机械稳定性,具备在恶劣天气工作的能力,在远程遥感测绘、地面及车载激光雷达等领域具备极大的应用价值。【Objective】Single-photon detection and single-photon ranging systems have widespread applications in three-dimensional imaging and long-distance spatial remote sensing.However,device limitations and background noise from the sun light limit the application to only nighttime conditions.【Methods】We have improved traditional laser radar systems by implementing all-fiber optics systems with ultra-narrowband fiber optic filtering,leading to significantly improved system stability.By implementing mechanical motion control,we are able to attain single-photon imaging systems with ultra-wide scanning and ultra-high resolution.The systems can operate in optical environments that are typically challenging,such as daytime or foggy weather.Moreover,the laser radar system is designed based on the 1550 nm wavelength which has good atmospheric penetration and low transmission loss,enhancing its ability to work in foggy and rainy conditions.【Results】In a foggy condition with a visibility of about 500 m,the system achieves three-dimensional imaging of objects 1.6 km away,which is a distance 3 times longer than the visibility at the time.The distance resolution can be significantly enhanced by optimizing the intensity and distance information of the histogram using the minimized negative logarithmic likelihood function,with the assistance of a high-resolution time/digital converter and the model constructed by the system response function of the laser radar.Compared to the maximum value method with a distance resolution of 0.05 m,this system achieves a distance resolution of 0.006 m via the minimized negative logarithmic likelihood function method.Additionally,the image normalization processing is performed to suppress fluctuations in photon technology and eliminate noise in the image.The 1550 nm all-fiber laser radar system has strong mechanical stability and can work in adverse weather conditions.【Conclusion】It has significant application value in remote sensing and mapping,ground and vehicle-mounted laser radar,a

关 键 词：单光子探测 激光雷达 光子飞行时间 短波红外 

分 类 号：O438[机械工程—光学工程]