空间引力波探测惯性传感器及其关键技术  

Inertial sensor for space gravitational wave detection and its key technologies

作　　者：王少鑫 郭纬川 赵平安 王娟 董鹏 徐鹏[1,3] 罗子人 齐克奇[1] WANG ShaoXin;GUO WeiChuan;ZHAO PingAn;WANG Juan;DONG Peng;XU Peng;LUO ZiRen;QI KeQi(Center for Gravitational Wave Experiment,National Microgravity Laboratory,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS),Hangzhou 310024,China;School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS),Hangzhou 310024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院力学研究所,国家微重力实验室,引力波实验中心,北京100190 [2]国科大杭州高等研究院物理与光电工程学院,杭州310024 [3]国科大杭州高等研究院基础物理与数学科学学院,杭州310024

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2024年第7期87-104,共18页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2020YFC2200100);中国科学院微重力重点实验室(编号:NML202302)资助项目。

摘　　要：空间引力波探测任务测量频段为0.1 m Hz-1 Hz,该频段内的波源信息非常丰富.但受限于引力波微弱的信号强度,需要惯性基准——测试质量的残余加速度噪声水平低于10^(-15)m s^(-2)/Hz^(1/2).惯性传感器作为空间引力波探测核心的载荷之一,一方面通过一系列的功能设置和灵巧设计来屏蔽外界杂散力对测试质量的影响,另一方面与微推进器构成无拖曳控制系统,利用电容位移传感器的高精度测量以及多自由度驱动控制来维持测试质量在空间中的高精度free-fall运动,从而为激光干涉测量提供超稳惯性基准.为了满足测试质量苛刻的加速度噪声要求惯性传感器在构建过程中,会涉及多种具有不同功能的子系统和关键技术.本文从空间引力波探测背景出发,介绍空间惯性传感器的基本工作原理和设计约束,进而对惯性传感器的相关关键技术进行探讨,并在最后对惯性传感器的应用和研究进行展望.Within the frequency range of 0.1 mHz to 1 Hz,the space gravitational wave detection mission measures robust wave source information.However,the residual acceleration noise level of the inertial reference test mass must be less than 10^(-15) m s^(-2)/Hz^(1/2) because of the weak gravitational wave signal.As a core payload of the space gravitational wave detector,the inertial sensor protects the test mass from the influence of external stray forces through a series of functional settings and smart design,whereas a drag-free control system with micro-thrusters is formed,which uses capacitive sensor measurement and multi-degree of freedom drive control to maintain the high-precision free-fall movement of the test mass in space,providing a super-stable inertial reference for laser interferometry.To satisfy the strict acceleration noise criteria of the test mass,the inertial sensor is constructed using numerous subsystems and critical technologies with distinct roles.This paper begins by reviewing the history of space gravitational wave detection and then explains the fundamental principles and design limitations of space inertial sensors.Finally,it addresses the essential technologies associated with inertial sensor technology.

关 键 词：空间引力波探测 惯性传感器 电容传感和静电力驱动控制 电荷管理 锁紧释放 

分 类 号：TP212[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] P111[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程] P142.84[天文地球—天文学]