沉默的大多数:环境公益诉讼七人合议庭实证研究  

The Silent Majority:An Empirical Study of Seven-member Collegial Courts on Environmental Public Interest Litigation

作　　者：何江 HE Jiang

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院 [2]西南政法大学重庆集体林权制度研究中心

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2024年第4期244-256,共13页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：西南政法大学(西部生态法研究中心)2021年校级科研资助项目“《环境法典》与党政联合规范性文件衔接机制研究”(项目批准号:2021XZNDJDQN-07)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：公益诉讼由“法官三人和人民陪审员四人组成七人合议庭”的制度设计,是公民社会与政治国家良性互动的重要接口。然而,对1123件公益诉讼的实证研究发现,46.4%的公益诉讼因未组成七人合议庭而面临“审判组织不合法”的形式合法性质疑;技术型陪审员阙如、评议规则缺陷和上诉审查范围欠妥导致占据人数优势的人民陪审员在审判中沦为“沉默的大多数”,引发实质合法性质疑。《最高人民法院关于具有专门知识的人民陪审员参加环境资源案件审理的若干规定》的解释论思路因“戴着镣铐跳舞”,未能妥善化解上述矛盾。鉴此,应当限缩公益诉讼七人合议庭的适用范围,规范技术型陪审员、重构评议规则、重塑上诉审查范围以激活中国特色的公益诉讼七人合议庭制度。The participation of the people’s juror in the adjudication of public interest litigation serves as an institutional interface promotes the benign interaction between civil society and the political state.According to an empirical study on the public interest litigation for 1123 cases,it is found that 46.4%of public interest litigation cases faced the formal legitimacy challenge of“illegitimate trial organization”due to the failure to form a sevenmember collegial court.This indicates that nearly half of the finished public interest litigation cases are facing the risk of retrial due to“illegal trial organization”.However,even for cases where the seven-member collegial court are formed,issues like the absence of technical juror,defects in appraisal rules,and improper scope of appellate review resulted in the numerically superior people’s juror become the“silent majority”during the trial.The theoretical thoughts in the Several Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on the Participation of People’s Juror with Specialized Knowledge in the Adjudication of Environmental Resource Cases fail to effectively resolve the above contradictions.The Law of the People’s Republic of China on People’s Juror should limit the application scope of the seven-member collegial court and activate the seven-member collegial court with Chinese characteristics by standardizing technical juror requirements,restructuring appraisal rules,and reshaping the scope of appellate review.

关 键 词：人民陪审员 公益诉讼 七人合议庭 司法民主 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]