土壤中微塑料分析、环境行为及风险研究进展  

Research Progress on Analysis,Environmental Behavior and Ecological Risks of Microplastics in Soil

作　　者：张鑫 赵保卫[1] 刘辉[1] 张印 段凯祥 张建 ZHANG Xin;ZHAO Baowei;LIU Hui;ZHANG Yin;DUAN Kaixiang;ZHANG Jian(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2024年第5期143-159,共17页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22166022,22366025);甘肃省教育厅优秀研究生“创新之星”项目(2022CXZX-515,2023CXZX-513);兰州交通大学基础研究拔尖人才培养计划项目(2022JC10)。

摘　　要：微塑料作为一种新兴的持久性污染物,其造成的全球性环境问题不容忽视。土壤中微塑料污染的相关研究相较于水环境滞后和缺乏。该文综述了土壤环境中微塑料的来源、分析方法、环境行为和生态效应的研究进展以及亟待解决的问题。具体介绍了土壤中微塑料的来源及输入路径;总结了土壤微塑料的分离和分析方法以及优缺点;主要评述了土壤中微塑料的环境行为,即在土壤中的迁移、降解及与其他污染物的相互作用;阐述了土壤中微塑料的生态效应,包括其对土壤理化性质、土壤微生物、土壤动物和植物的影响;并展望了土壤环境中微塑料未来的研究方向与重点。土壤中微塑料的源头控制、与其他污染物相互作用规律和机制、复合污染对人类健康的风险评估是未来研究的难点和重点。As emerging persistent pollutants,microplastics cause global environmental problems that cannot be ignored.Research on microplastics pollution in soil is lagging and lacking compared in water environment.This paper reviews the research progress of source,analytical method,environmental behavior,and ecological effects of microplastics in soil environ-ment and urgent problems of microplastics in soil environment.The source and input path of microplastics in soil were introduced in detail.The separation and analysis methods of microplastics in soil and the advantages and disadvantages were summarized.The environmental behavior of microplastics in soil was analyzed,including migration,degradation and interaction with other pollutants in soil.The ecological effects of microplastics in soil were described,including the effects on soil physi-cal and chemical properties,soil microorganisms,soil animals and plants.The future research directions and emphases on microplastics in soil environment were prospected.The source control of microplastics in soil,the law and mechanism of interaction with other pollutants,and the risk assessment of combined pollution on human health are the difficulties and focuses in future research.

关 键 词：土壤污染 微塑料 环境行为 生态效应 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53