闪速炼铅协同处理针铁矿渣基础研究与实践  

Fundamental Research and Practice of Collaborative Treatment of Goethite Residues in Lead Flash Smelter

作　　者：徐克华 马凯 马志军 于智谦 陈绍刚 夏隆巩 XU Kehua;MA Kai;MA Zhijun;YU Zhiqian;CHEN Shaogang;XIA Longgong(Danxia Smelter,Shenzhen Zhongjin Lingnan Nonferrous Metals Co.,Ltd.,Shaoguan 512300,Guangdong,China;Complex Material Metallurgy and High Temperature Melt Research Group,School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司丹霞冶炼厂,广东韶关512300 [2]中南大学冶金与环境学院复杂物料冶金与高温熔体研究组,长沙410083

出　　处：《有色金属（冶炼部分）》2024年第9期81-90,共10页Nonferrous Metals（Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3901604)。

摘　　要：我国锌冶炼技术与规模全球领先,金属锌、硫酸等产品有效支撑了国民经济发展,锌冶炼过程副产的铟、镓、锗等金属更是我国电工电子、国防军工等战略新兴产业健康发展的关键保障。针铁矿渣等湿法炼锌渣料的有效利用是全球锌冶炼企业长期关注的共性难题,事关行业的可持续发展。火法炼铅协同处理湿法炼锌渣料是国内外公认的优选处置策略,既能实现有价金属高效回收,还能完成各类渣料的环保处置。基夫赛特闪速炼铅是一种高强度直接炼铅工艺,具有原料适应性好、设备自动化程度高、环保指标优等特点,闪速炼铅工艺搭配处理针铁矿渣具有良好潜力。然而,生产实践中,当基夫赛特闪速炼铅大比例处理针铁矿渣时,易出现渣层性质恶化、渣金分离不彻底、受迫高温作业等问题。对针铁矿渣闪速反应过程进行了分析和试验研究,查清了锌、铁、铝、钙等元素物相的转化规律,明确了针铁矿渣对闪速炼铅过程的影响。提出入炉物料Zn、Al含量管控,焦滤层厚度与电炉强化还原,提高渣层厚度,促进炉渣沉降分离效果等措施。后期实践发现,通过提高焦炭配比、提升电极功率和增加电炉区渣层厚度等方式,能有效解决大比例协同处理针铁矿渣的工艺问题。Zinc is an important base metal in supporting the development of economy,and by-products in zinc-making process including indium,gallium,germanium,and sulfuric acid,etc.also support the development of strategic emerging industries.The effective utilization of zinc hydrometallurgical residues such as iron precipitates is a critical problem for all zinc smelting enterprises.Co-treating zinc hydrometallurgical residues in lead smelting processes has been recognized as a preferred strategy both domestically and internationally.It can achieve efficient recovery of valuable metals and environmental protection purposes.The Kivcet flash smelting technology is a highly strengthen direct lead concentrate smelting process with advantages of good adaptability to raw materials,high degree of equipment automation,and excellent environmental behaviors,etc.The flash lead smelting process with the feature of co-smelting goethite residue has good potential.However in industrial practice,when a Kivcet flash furnace processes a large proportion of goethite residue,problems such as deterioration of slag layer properties,incomplete lead/slag separation,and forced high-temperature operation are prone to occur.In this study,the flash reaction process of goethite residue was experimentally studied,the transformation rules of zinc,iron,aluminum,and calcium-bearing phases were clarified,and the influence of goethite residue on the flash lead smelting process was clarified.Suggestions are summarized as follows:1)Controlling Zn and Al content in starting materials;2)Improving the reduction of slag in the electric furnace section;3)Use thick slag layer in operation.These following suggestions,i.e.,increasing the coke ratio,increasing the electrode power and increasing the thickness of high slag layer in the electric furnace area,have been applied in later practice,and the problems mentioned above have been well resolved.

关 键 词：闪速反应 铁酸锌 湿法炼锌 针铁矿渣 炉渣 黏度 尖晶石 

分 类 号：TF812[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]