医学照护能力:内涵、结构及其培育方式  

Medical care capability:connotation,structure,and its cultivation methods

作　　者：陆于宏 刘月树 LU Yuhong;LIU Yueshu(School of Marxism,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin,300070,China;School of Management,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin,301617,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学马克思主义学院,天津300070 [2]天津中医药大学管理学院,天津301617

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2024年第8期926-931,共6页Chinese Medical Ethics

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“我国重大疫情防控《伦理指南》的建构问题研究”(21BZX117)。

摘　　要：医学实践不仅要求医护人员运用技术手段去除患者的身体痛苦,同时还要给予患者心理、社会和精神层面的全方位照护,因此需要医护人员具备医学照护能力。医学照护能力是医护人员开展照护活动所需的心理倾向和行为特征的总和,是实现医学目的的重要手段,包含动机、知识和行动方式三要素。作为一种具有利他主义特征的行为能力,合理的动机是实施医学照护的前提,同时还需要医学人文与技术知识的支持。行动方式是医学照护能力的最终表现,包括技术操作、有效沟通和建构社会支持系统等多个方面。中国的医学教育长期忽视对于这一职业能力的培养,为此需要做出系统性的变革,包括在教育理念方面注重医学职业美德的可实践性,以提升照护能力为目标改革教学内容,同时还要丰富教学方法和评价方法等,从而有效促进医学生医学照护能力的形成与提高。Medical practice not only requires medical staff to use technical means to alleviate patients’physical pain,but also to provide comprehensive care on the psychological,social,and spiritual levels.Therefore,medical staff need to have medical care capability.Medical care capability is the sum of psychological tendencies and behavioral characteristics required by medical staff to carry out care activities.It is also an important means to achieve medical goals and includes three elements:motivation,knowledge,and action methods.As a behavioral ability with altruistic characteristics,reasonable motivation is a prerequisite for implementing medical care.Meanwhile,it also requires the support of medical humanities and technical knowledge.The mode of action is the ultimate manifestation of medical care capability,including technical operations,effective communication,and the construction of social support systems.China’s medical education has long neglected the cultivation of this professional ability.Therefore,systematic reforms need to be made,including emphasizing the practicality of medical professional virtues in educational concepts,reforming teaching content to improve caregiving ability,and enriching teaching methods and evaluation methods,thus effectively promoting the formation and improvement of medical care capability among medical students.

关 键 词：医学照护 医疗实践 医学人文 医学教育 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]