新型非牛顿流体减振器对滚筒洗衣机减振降噪效果的研究  

Vibration and noise reduction effect of new type non-Newtonian fluid damper on drum washing machine

作　　者：宋元锦 庄重 程帜军 蒋卫斌 王先平 方前锋 SONG Yuanjin;ZHUANG Zhong;CHENG Zhijun;JIANG Weibin;WANG Xianping;FANG Qianfeng(Department of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Institute of Solid State Physics,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院,合肥230026 [2]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院固体物理研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2024年第15期311-322,共12页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：中国科学院合肥研究院院长基金资助(YZJJ-GGZX-2022-01)。

摘　　要：滚筒洗衣机通常采用的摩擦式减振器在低载荷高频脱水时减振效果不理想,导致了洗衣机机壳产生了剧烈振动。针对这一问题,该文提出了一种新型非牛顿流体变阻尼减振器,基于非牛顿流体剪切稀化特性和阻尼器孔内一维黏性流动方程研究了其对洗衣机运行时的振动抑制效果及物理机制。相对传统的固态摩擦式减振器,非牛顿流体具有明显的剪切稀化特性,使得在高频工况下非牛顿流体变阻尼减振器的输出阻尼力显著减小,克服了传统减振器高频表观弹性系数增大的缺陷。系统研究了不同结构参数的减振器对洗衣机低负载偏心运行下的减振作用,证明了较小的间隙高度更有利于振动能量的耗散,适当增大非牛顿流体的黏度或增加阻尼头的数量可以增强振动抑制效果,同时也可以起到良好的降噪功效。结果表明,通过合理的阻尼结构设计与非牛顿流体配比,变阻尼减振器可以对洗衣机整个洗涤过程尤其是高频甩干环节产生良好的减振效果,加速度衰减比最高可达83.49%,能量衰减了98.44%,噪音降低了10.38 dB。The friction type dynamic absorbers commonly used in drum washing machines have unsatisfactory vibration reduction effect during low load and high frequency dehydration to cause severe vibration of washing machine casing.Here,aiming at this problem,a new type non-Newtonian fluid variable damping damper was proposed.Based on shear thinning characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid and the 1-D viscous flow equation inside damper hole,its vibration suppression effect and physical mechanism during washing machine operation were studied.Compared to traditional solid-state friction dampers,non-Newtonian fluids could have obvious shear thinning characteristics,it could significantly reduce damping force output by non-Newtonian fluid variable damping damper under high-frequency operating conditions to overcome the defect of increase in high-frequency apparent elastic coefficient of traditional dampers.Vibration reduction effects of dynamic absorbers with different structural parameters on washing machines under low load eccentric operation were systematically investigated.It was shown that a smaller clearance height is more conducive to dissipation of vibration energy;proper increase in viscosity of non-Newtonian fluid or increase in number of damping heads can enhance the vibration suppression effect,and also have the good noise reduction effect;through reasonable damping structure design and non-Newtonian fluid proportioning,the variable damping damper can produce good vibration reduction effect on the entire washing process of washing machine,especially,the high-frequency dehydration process,acceleration attenuation ratio can reach up to 83.49%,energy attenuation can reach 98.44%,and noise level drops by 10.38 dB.

关 键 词：减振 非牛顿流体 变阻尼 降噪 

分 类 号：TH212[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH213.3