文艺大众化运动与其发展和转型  

The Movement for the Popularization of Literature and Art:Development and Transformation

作　　者：赵炎秋[1] Zhao Yanqiu

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学文学院,410081

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2024年第3期1-12,共12页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国特色文学理论建构的历史经验研究”[项目编号:18ZDA278]的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文艺大众化的主要问题和基本观点,大致有六个方面:文艺发展的方向、文艺服务的对象、文艺创作的主体、文艺的内容与形式、文艺的语言、对五四新文化的评价。文艺大众化的理论与实践有其积极的意义,但也有其偏颇和局限之处。毛泽东没有延续文艺大众化运动的思路与方向,而是对文艺大众化的内容与问题进行了分解、总结与转型,对相关问题与争论提出了自己的观点和解决办法,将其提升到一个新的层次。《讲话》发表之后,文艺大众化进入“泛化”时期。20世纪50年代之后,繁荣社会主义文艺需要提高型的作品,文艺大众化逐渐失去活力。80年代之后,传统的大众文艺受到新起的大众文化挤压,开始走向式微。2014年,习近平发展毛泽东、邓小平等人的相关思想,适应人民日益增长的精神文化需求,提出“精品战略”。文艺大众化无论在实践还是理论上,都失去了现实性与合理性,整个文艺发展的方向由“大众化”转型为“精品战略”,便成为时代的必然要求与历史的必然趋向。The major issues and fundamental perspectives concerning the popularization of literature and art can be broadly categorized into six aspects:the direction of development,the object of service,the subject of creation,the content and form,the language,and the evaluation of the May Fourth and New Culture Movements.While the theory and practice of the popularizing literature and art hold positive significance,they are also subject to biases and limitations.Mao Zedong,rather than merely perpetuating the ideals and objectives of the movement,deconstructed,synthesized and reformed its content and issues.He proposed his own insights and solutions to the associated problems and disputes,elevating them to a new level.The publication of the Speech on the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art marked the transition of popularizing literature and art into a phase of“generalization.”Following the 1950s,the flourishing socialist literature and art demanded sophisticated works,causing the momentum of popularizing literature and art to gradually wane.By the 1980s,traditional popular literature and art faced pressure from emerging mass culture,leading to their decline.In 2014,Xi Jinping further developed the ideas of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping to address the increasing spiritual and cultural needs of the people,putting forward the“strategy of fine works”.Both in practice and theory,the popularization of literature and art deviated from its original reality and rationality.The trajectory of the development of literature and art has shifted from popularization to the strategic pursuit of refined works,which has become an inevitable demand of the times and the inexorable trend of history.

关 键 词：文艺大众化 普及与提高 大众文化 精品战略 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学] J120.9[艺术—艺术理论]