撕裂蜡孔菌活化土壤氮磷及其对豆科作物生长的影响  

Ceriporia lacerata mobilizes soil nitrogen and phosphorus to promote the growth of leguminous crops

作　　者：宁诗琪 隋宗明 袁玲[1] 杨红军[1] NING Shiqi;SUI Zongming;YUAN Ling;YANG Hongjun(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《微生物学报》2024年第8期3047-3058,共12页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：重庆市科委社会民生类重点研发项目(cstc2018jscx-mszdX0011)。

摘　　要：【目的】利用微生物活化土壤中的原本无效养分种植豆科作物,有益于土地资源的长期可持续利用。【方法】利用自主分离的白腐真菌撕裂蜡孔菌新株(Ceriporia lacerata)HG2011,通过培养和田间微区试验,研究C.lacerata的分泌作用、土壤氮磷活化以及对绿豆和光叶紫花苕养分吸收、生长和产量的影响。【结果】C.lacerata能分泌纤维素酶、几丁质酶、β-l,3-葡聚糖酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶和铁载体,溶解Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2);在土壤表面,C.lacerata形成菌落,其菌丝伸入土壤,降低土壤pH,提高有效氮磷含量,进而增强蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性;接种C.lacerata改善了土壤氮磷供应能力,增强根系活力,促进根系生长、根瘤形成和发育,提高作物养分积累量,增加绿豆籽粒产量和苕子生物量。【结论】C.lacerata能在土壤中定殖,活化土壤氮磷,提高肥料利用率,促进绿豆和苕子生长。C.lacerata以木屑、秸秆和谷壳等农林有机废弃物为基质,容易培养,菌剂生产成本低廉。本研究为活化土壤养分,促进绿豆和苕子等豆科作物生长,保育耕地提供了新策略。[Objective]To use microorganisms to mobilize unavailable nutrients in soil for the utilization by leguminous crops and the sustainable and long-term utilization of soil resources.[Methods]Microbial culture and micro-plot experiments were carried out with Ceriporia lacerata HG2011,a new isolate of white-rot fungus,to investigate the fungal secretion,soil nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)mobilization,and influences on the nutrient uptake,growth,and yields of Vigna radiata and Vicia villosa.[Results]C.lacerata released cellulase,chitinase,β-l,3-glucanase,protease,phosphatase,and siderophore,and dissolved Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)in pure culture.After being inoculated on the soil surface,this fungus formed colonies,with some mycelia extending into the soil,which decrease soil pH but increase the content of NH4+-N,alkali-hydrolyzed N,water-soluble P and Olsen P,and the activities of protease and phosphatase.In general,C.lacerata inoculation improved soil N and P supplies,enhanced root activity,and promoted root growth,nodule formation and development,thus increasing the nutrient uptake,grain yield of V.radiata,and biomass of V.villosa.[Conclusion]C.lacerata dwelling in soil mobilized soil N and P to increase fertilizer use efficiency and promote crop growth.C.lacerata can be cultured with sawdust,straw,husk and other organic agricultural and forestry wastes,with low production costs.This study provides a new strategy for mobilizing soil nutrients,promoting the growth of leguminous crops such as V.radiata and V.villosa,and benefiting the conservation and sustainable use of cultivated lands.

关 键 词：撕裂蜡孔菌 土壤 氮 磷 豆科作物 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]