基于小孢子培养创制DW871矮秆彩色油菜新种质  

New germplasm of dwarf colored rape created by microspore culture in Brassica napus DW871

作　　者：杨元雨 张瑞茂[2] 黄莎 李杨 高志宏 王芳 王转转 王敏[2,3] 赵德刚 宋莉 李超[2] YANG Yuan-yu;ZHANG Rui-mao;HUANG Sha;LI Yang;GAO Zhi-hong;WANG Fang;WANG Zhuan-zhuan;WANG Min;ZHAO De-gang;SONG Li;LI Chao(Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education),College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science/Oil Crops Research Institute/Rape Research Institute/Guizhou Plant Conservation Technology Center,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;School of Life Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学生命科学学院/农业生物工程研究院,山地植物资源保护与种质创制教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省农业科学院/油料研究所/油菜研究所/贵州省植物保育技术应用工程研究中心,贵州贵阳550006 [3]贵州师范大学生命科学学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第4期762-771,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32060464);贵州省人才基地(RCJD2018-14);贵州省高层次(十层次)创新型人才培养(黔科合平台人才[2016]4003号)。

摘　　要：彩色油菜具有油用和观赏价值,因易种植、花色鲜艳和开花时间长等特点备受关注。然而,目前报道彩色油菜多为高芥酸、高硫甙的高秆株型,不满足兼作观赏和油用推广应用要求。因此,选育品质优良、株型适宜的彩色油菜新种质是观赏油菜的育种目标之一。本研究中以具有特异花序性状、观赏价值大的DW871为基础材料,与普通彩色高秆油菜杂交后,F1代利用小孢子培养技术创制具有DW871特性同时品质优良的彩色花新种质。研究表明,采用前期集成的油菜小孢子培养技术,产胚率达到了312~507胚/蕾,共纯合到14株彩色花油菜,其中白色花5株,橘红色花4株,金桔色花5株。经过农艺性状调查和品质分析,从DH植株中筛选出的Y57是一株含有DW871特异花序、矮杆、金桔色花、品质“双低”的优良新种质,株高88 cm,一次分支数18个,含油量39%,蛋白质含量25.96%,芥酸为0.95%,硫苷为28.15μmol/g饼,是培育集观赏和油用价值的甘蓝型彩色油菜新种质,具有较高的利用价值和广阔的应用前景。Colored rape has oil and ornamental value,which has attracted more and more attention due to its easy planting,bright petal color and long flowering time,etc.However,it has been reported that colored rape is mainly high in erucic acid and glucosinolate,which is not suitable for ornamental and oil application.Therefore,it is one of the breeding goals of ornamental rape to breed new colored rape germplasm with good quality and suitable plant type.In this study,DW871 that has special inflorescence characteristics and great ornamental value was used as the base material.After crossing with common colored high stalk rape,F1 generation was used to create new colored rape which has DW871 specific inflorescence traits and excellent quality.The results showed that the embryo yield rate was up to 312-507 embryos/bud by using microspore culture technology in the early stage,and finally a total of 14 colored rape germplasms were obtained,including 5 plants of white color flower,4 plants of orange color flower and 5 plants of kumquat color flower.Through character investigation and quality analysis,we selected all DH plants and found that Y57 is an excellent new germplasm that has dwarf stalk,kumquat color petal and“double low”quality,being familiar with special inflorescence of DW871.The plant height of Y57 is 88 cm,which has 18 primary branches,39%of oil content,25.96%of protein content,0.95%of erucic acid and 28.15μmol/g·pie of glucosinolate.Y57 is a new colored germplasm of DW871 that may have ornamental and oil value and high application prospect.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 小孢子培养 产胚率 彩色油菜种质 DW871 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]