饵料种类及培育密度对毛蚶幼虫生长发育的影响  

Effects of species of algae to feed and stocking density on growth and development of blood clam Scapharca subcrenata larvae

作　　者：郝咏芳 吕晓民 曹琛 高超 HAO Yongfang;LÜXiaomin;CAO Chen;GAO Chao(Yingkou Comprehensive Agricultural and Rural Development Service Center,Yingkou 115000,China;Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute,Dalian 116023,China;Huludao Natural Resources Service Center,Huludao 125000,China)

机构地区：[1]营口市农业农村综合发展服务中心,辽宁营口115000 [2]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁大连116023 [3]葫芦岛市自然资源事务服务中心,辽宁葫芦岛125000

出　　处：《渔业研究》2024年第4期360-366,共7页Journal of Fisheries Research

基　　金：辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院科研项目(2021YW02)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究饵料种类及培育密度对毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)幼虫生长发育及存活变态的影响。【方法】分别采用单因素方差分析、多重比较分析等方法开展试验研究及数据分析。在水温24.2~27.5℃、盐度26~27、pH 8.2~8.5的条件下,饵料种类试验设定6个试验组(湛江叉鞭金藻、牟氏角毛藻、小球藻、湛江叉鞭金藻+牟氏角毛藻、牟氏角毛藻+小球藻、湛江叉鞭金藻+牟氏角毛藻+小球藻),设定5个梯度(2、5、10、15、20个/mL)培育密度进行培育试验。【结果】采用单一饵料投喂时,牟氏角毛藻组的幼虫发育效果最好,小球藻组最差;采用混合饵料投喂时,毛蚶幼虫的生长发育及存活率、变态率整体上优于单一饵料,尤其是在牟氏角毛藻+湛江叉鞭金藻+小球藻的混合投喂下,毛蚶幼虫生长发育最快、存活率和变态率最高;在5个试验培育密度梯度范围内,毛蚶幼虫的生长速度、存活率、变态率随着培育密度的增大而降低,发育时间随培育密度的增大呈现延长趋势,但在匍匐期,5个/mL密度组与10个/mL密度组之间的差异不大。【结论】建议在北方地区毛蚶的常温人工育苗过程中,小球藻不可作为主要饵料进行独立使用,需要搭配使用其他藻类,单一饵料投喂时首选牟氏角毛藻,在条件允许的情况下最好选用含有牟氏角毛藻的几种单胞藻的搭配组合;育苗期间,毛蚶幼虫浮游期培育密度为10个/mL左右,匍匐期培育密度以5~10个/mL为宜。【意义】本试验研究为北方地区毛蚶的常温育苗提供有力的数据支撑,具有重要的指导意义,将有效推进毛蚶增养殖产业的发展。[Background]With the shellfish aquaculture industry developing and wild resources declining,the demand for blood clam(Scapharca subcrenata)seedlings is increasing.However,in northern China,the seed breeding technology for this species remains unstable.Enhancing larval survival and metamorphosis rates,reducing growth duration,and producing high-quality,fast-growing seeds are crucial for successful seedling cultivation in this region.Algae species and stocking density significantly influence the breeding process and are more manageable compared to other environmental factors.This study aims to explore the impacts of algae species and stocking density on the growth and development of blood clam larvae in northern China,where such research is currently lacking.[Methods]Single factor analysis of variance(ANOVA)and multiple comparison analysis(Duncan)were employed for data analysis in this study.The study investigated the effects of algae species and stocking density on the growth and development of blood clam larvae under controlled conditions of 24.2−27.5°C water temperature,salinity of 26−27,and pH ranging from 8.2 to 8.5.Six algae groups were tested:Isochrysis zhanjiangensis,Chaetoceros mulleri,Chlorella saccharophila,combinations of I.zhanjiangensis with C.mulleri and C.mulleri with C.saccharophila,and a mix of I.zhanjiangensis,C.mulleri,and C.saccharophila.Stocking density was varied across five levels:2,5,10,15,and 20 ind/mL.[Results]The results indicated that larvae fed solely with C.mulleri exhibited superior growth and development,while those fed with C.saccharophila showed the poorest performance.Mixed feeding regimes outperformed single algae diets,with larvae fed a combination of I.zhanjiangensis,C.mulleri,and C.saccharophila demonstrating the highest growth,survival,and metamorphosis rates.Additionally,increasing stocking density correlated with decreased larval growth,survival,and metamorphosis rates,with marginal differences observed between the 5 ind/mL and 10 ind/mL groups during the creeping sta

关 键 词：毛蚶 幼虫 饵料种类 培育密度 生长发育 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]