基于插补算法的多轴数控机床刀具加工轮廓误差控制方法  

A control method for tool machining profile error in multi axis CNC machine tools based on interpolation algorithm

作　　者：郭栋 沈博[1] Guo Dong;Shen Bo(Intelligent Manufacturing Institute,Shaanxi Institute of Technology,Shaanxi Xi'an,710300,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西国防工业职业技术学院智能制造学院,陕西西安710300

出　　处：《机械设计与制造工程》2024年第8期53-57,共5页Machine Design and Manufacturing Engineering

基　　金：2021年度陕西高等职业教育教学改革研究项目(21GY059)。

摘　　要：多轴数控机床刀具在高速加工时容易出现振动和弯曲等现象,导致加工轮廓误差增大。为此提出一种基于插补算法的多轴数控机床刀具加工轮廓误差控制方法。首先构建刀具加工轮廓误差计算模型,运用实时采样周期中刀具实际位置与上一周期刀具位置的差值,计算刀具在坐标轴上的轮廓误差分量,获取轮廓误差。然后采用插补算法,建立刀具加工轮廓插补控制器,根据设定的缩放因子对比修正轮廓误差,实现误差控制。实验结果表明:该方法控制精准度高,对刀具加工轮廓误差改善效果好,且轮廓误差控制在0.025 mm以内,刀具加工轮廓运行同步性强。The tool of multi-axis CNC machine tool is prone to vibration and bending during high-speed machining,which leads to the increase of machining profile error.Therefore,a method of machining contour error control based on interpolation algorithm is proposed.Firstly,the calculation model of tool machining profile error is constructed,and the difference between the actual position of the tool in the real-time sampling period and the position of the tool in the previous period is used to calculate the component of tool machining profile error on the coordinate axis to obtain the profile error.Then the interpolation algorithm is used to establish the tool contour interpolation controller,and the contour error is corrected according to the set scaling factor to realize the error control.The experimental results show that the proposed method has high control accuracy,good effect on improving tool machining profile error,and the profile error is controlled within 0.025 mm,and the tool machining profile running synchronously after control is strong.

关 键 词：插补算法 多轴数控机床 刀具加工轮廓 误差控制 位移分量 

分 类 号：TN528[电子电信]