2021-2023年成都市成华区中小学生营养状况及影响因素分析  

Nutritional Status and influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Chenghua District of Chengdu City from 2021 to 2023

作　　者：李思齐 温雅 江苇 邸丽华 文艳群 LI Siqi;WEN Ya;JIANG Wei;DI Lihua;WEN Yanqun(Chenghua Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610057,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]成都市成华区疾病预防控制中心,成都610057

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2024年第4期236-245,共10页Occupational Health and Damage

摘　　要：目的了解2021—2023年成都市成华区中小学生营养状况及其影响因素,为改善本地区学生营养状况提供科学依据。方法依托学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预项目,采用分层随机整群抽样方法,2021—2023年在成都市成华区抽取7所中小学校,每年在所有年级整班抽取至少80名学生开展体格检查,对抽取4年级及以上学生同时开展问卷调查。营养状况分布使用秩和检验,学生营养状况单因素分析使用χ^(2)检验,多因素分析采用无序多分类Logistic回归分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果调查共纳入7559名中小学生,2021—2023年调查学生平均身高为(150.78±17.95)cm、平均体重为(45.61±17.07)kg、体质量指数(BMI)中位数为18.77(16.28,21.49)kg/m2,3年间身高(F=0.587,P=0.556)、体重(F=0.501,P=0.606)和BMI(H=1.940,P=0.379)差异无统计学意义。学生消瘦、超重及肥胖率分别为7.53%、14.49%和10.93%。多因素分析发现:男生是消瘦(OR=2.249,95%CI:1.803~2.806,P<0.001)、超重(OR=1.870,95%CI:1.602~2.183,P<0.001)、肥胖(OR=2.350,95%CI:1.948~2.335,P<0.001)发生的危险因素;小学4~6年级(OR=1.562,95%CI:1.015~2.404,P=0.042)、初中(OR=1.548,95%CI:1.021~2.347,P=0.040)、过去一周上1~2节体育课(OR=1.717,95%CI:1.169~2.521,P=0.006)是肥胖发生的危险因素;汉族学生(OR=3.144,95%CI:1.262~7.832,P=0.014)是消瘦发生的危险因素;住校生是超重(OR=0.692,95%CI:0.549~0.873,P=0.002)、肥胖(OR=0.707,95%CI:0.529~0.944,P=0.019)的保护因素。结论2021—2023年成都市成华区中小学生面临营养不足和营养过剩的双重问题,应采取针对性措施提升学校、家长及学生本人的营养知识水平,降低消瘦、超重及肥胖的检出率。Objective To understand the nutritional status and its influencing factors of primary and secondary school students in Chenghua District of Chengdu City from 2021 to 2023,and to provide scientific basis for improving the nutritional status of students in this area.Methods Based on the project of“Monitoring and Intervention of Students′Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors”,a stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 7 primary and secondary schools in Chenghua District of Chengdu City from 2021 to 2023,and at least 80 students of the whole class in all grades were selected for physical examination every year,and a questionnaire survey was carried out for students in grade 4 and above.The rank sum test was used for the distribution of nutritional status,Chi-square test was used in the univariate analysis of nutritional status of students,and disordered multi-classification Logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis.P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results A total of 7559 primary and secondary school students were included in the survey.From 2021 to 2023,the average height of the surveyed students was(150.78±17.95)cm,the average body weight was(45.61±17.07)kg,and the median body mass index(BMI)was 18.77(16.28,21.49)kg/m2.There was no statistically significant difference in height(F=0.587,P=0.556),body weight(F=0.501,P=0.606)and BMI(H=1.940,P=0.379)during the three years.The rates of malnutrition,overweight and obesity were 7.53%,14.49%and 10.93%,respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that male students were risk factors of malnutrition(OR=2.249,95%CI:1.803-2.806,P<0.001),overweight(OR=1.870,95%CI:1.602-2.183,P<0.001)and obesity(OR=2.350,95%CI:1.948-2.335,P<0.001).Grades 4 to 6 in primary school(OR=1.562,95%CI:1.015-2.404,P=0.042),junior high school(OR=1.548,95%CI:1.021-2.347,P=0.040),one or two classes of physical education in the past week(OR=1.717,95%CI:1.169-2.521,P=0.006)were risk factors of obesity.Han students(OR=3.144,95%CI:1.262

关 键 词：中小学生 营养状况 影响因素 

分 类 号：R153[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]