富氮唑含能内盐研究进展  

Research Progress on Zwitterionic Energetic Materials Based on Nitrogen-Rich Azoles

作　　者：鲁鸿 魏颢 LU Hong;WEI Hao(College of Chemistry and Materials Science,Northwest University,Xi′an 710027,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学化学与材料科学学院,陕西西安710027

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2024年第7期591-600,I0001,共11页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.22271231)。

摘　　要：基于重氮基、亚氨基和富氮唑等正离子内盐结构,综述了近10年来单环、联环、稠环唑类等富氮唑含能内盐的合成方法和理化性能,阐明了富氮唑内盐结构的能量水平和稳定性,并对不同结构富氮唑含能内盐发展方向进行了总结:(1)重氮内盐较传统无铅绿色起爆药二硝基重氮酚(DDNP)具有更好的爆轰性能,应深度挖掘富氮唑烷基桥联与联环结构带来的热稳定性优势,探索其在耐热起爆药领域的应用潜力;(2)亚氨基-偕二硝基甲基内盐能够改善重氮盐因低键能导致的感度问题,但其热稳定性仍需进一步优化;(3)应充分发掘富氮唑正离子含能内盐结构和致爆基易于调整的特性,同时利用其与离子盐、共晶之间优势的互补,拓展含能内盐在高能钝感炸药、高能推进剂、绿色气体发生剂及耐热含能材料等领域的应用。Based on cations of diazo group,imino group and nitrogen-rich azole,the synthetic strategies and properties of azole,bis-azoles and fused heterocycle-based zwitterionic energetic materials were reviewed in recent ten years,and the influence of molecular structures on their energetic performance and stability was clarified.Meanwhile,the future directions on the zwitterionic energetic materials based on nitrogen-rich azoles were pointed out:(1)Diazonium zwitterionic energetic materials outperform DDNP in detonation performance,warranting deeper research into heat-resistant explosives,harnessing alkyl-bridged,fused-ring nitrogen-rich azoles.(2)The imino-gem-dinitromethyl zwitterionic energetic materials can alleviate the sensitivity of diazonium salts,but their thermal stability still requires further optimization.(3)The modifiable structure of nitrogen-rich azole cation energetic salts and explosive groups,and synergies with ionic salts,cocrystals should be fully explored,which could effectively expand their applications in high-energy insensitive explosives,high-energy propellants,green gas generators,and heat-resistant energetic materials.

关 键 词：有机化学 含能内盐 富氮唑 高能量密度材料 DDNP 气体发生剂 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ560[化学工程—炸药化工]