基于无裁剪图形流水线的三维图形处理器  

A 3D graphics processor with clip-free graphics pipeline

作　　者：赵皓宇 王重熙 宋鹏皓 章隆兵[1,2] ZHAO Haoyu;WANG Chongxi;SONG Penghao;ZHANG Longbing(State Key Lab of Processors,Institute of Computing Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]处理器芯片全国重点实验室(中国科学院计算技术研究所),北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《高技术通讯》2024年第7期681-691,共11页Chinese High Technology Letters

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3105103)资助项目。

摘　　要：传统的三维图形处理器通过裁剪操作获取三角形的可见区域。然而,裁剪操作的延迟长且硬件开销高,大量的裁剪操作会降低图形处理器的性能。本文设计了一款基于OpenGL ES 2.0标准的三维图形处理器芯片,采用了统一渲染架构。该图形处理器采用高效的无裁剪图形流水线结构,消除了裁剪所带来的硬件开销和性能损耗。此外,本文为该图形处理器设计了一个符合IEEE-754标准的三维向量内积(DP3)计算单元,用于固定功能流水线,以提高图形处理器的性能,并消除图形渲染过程中浮点乘加操作的误差,增强了图形处理器的图形渲染鲁棒性。该三维图形处理器每秒能够处理500 M个顶点和8 G个纹素,功耗为1000 mW,采用了28 nm工艺,面积为7.92 mm^(2)。实现结果表明,与之前的工作相比,本文设计的图形处理器的性能-功耗比提高了27.8%。Traditional 3D graphics processors rely on clipping operations to determine the visible area of triangles.However,clipping operations introduce latency,high hardware overhead,and can negatively impact performance when dealing with a large number of clipping operations.This paper presents the design of a 3D graphics processor with a unified rendering architecture based on the OpenGL ES 2.0 specification.This proposed graphics processor incorporates an efficient clip-free graphics pipeline architecture,effectively eliminating the hardware overhead and performance loss associated with clipping.Furthermore,an IEEE-754 compliant 3D vector inner product unit is introduced into the fixed function pipeline of the proposed processor,enhancing performance and eliminating errors in floating-point multiplication and addition operations during graphics rendering,improving the robustness of the graphics rendering.The implemented 3D graphics processor achieves a processing capacity of 500 M vertices and 8 G texels per second,consuming 1000 mW of power.Utilizing a 28 nm process with an area of 7.92 mm^(2),the proposed implementation demonstrates a 27.8%improvement in the performance-to-power ratio compared with previous work.

关 键 词：三维图形处理器 图形流水线 裁剪 向量内积 

分 类 号：TP332[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构] TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]